Luceno Carvy Floyd, Jeon Won Jin, Samaeekia Ravand, Shin John, Sonpavde Guru P
Department of Internal Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Jun 1;15(11):3024. doi: 10.3390/cancers15113024.
The treatment of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is challenging given its molecular heterogeneity and variable response to current therapies. To address this, many tools, including tumor biomarker assessment and liquid biopsies, have been developed to predict prognosis and treatment response. Approved therapeutic modalities for UC currently include chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody drug conjugates. Ongoing investigations to improve the treatment of UC include the search for actionable alterations and the testing of novel therapies. An important objective in recent studies has been to increase efficacy while decreasing toxicity by taking into account unique patient and tumor-related factors-an endeavor called precision medicine. The aim of this review is to highlight advancements in the treatment of UC, describe ongoing clinical trials, and identify areas for future study in the context of precision medicine.
鉴于尿路上皮癌（UC）的分子异质性以及对当前治疗的可变反应，其治疗颇具挑战性。为应对这一问题，已开发出许多工具，包括肿瘤生物标志物评估和液体活检，以预测预后和治疗反应。目前UC的批准治疗方式包括化疗、免疫检查点抑制剂、受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和抗体药物偶联物。改善UC治疗的正在进行的研究包括寻找可操作的改变以及测试新型疗法。近期研究的一个重要目标是通过考虑独特的患者和肿瘤相关因素来提高疗效同时降低毒性——这一努力被称为精准医学。本综述的目的是强调UC治疗的进展，描述正在进行的临床试验，并在精准医学背景下确定未来研究的领域。
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