The reversal by pyridostigmine of neuromuscular block produced by soman.

The effect of pyridostigmine on neuromuscular block produced by soman was studied in the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. In the rat, soman produced an irreversible reduction in tetanic tension and functional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Pretreatment with pyridostigmine before exposure of the diaphragm to soman, followed by removal of the anticholinesterase from the organ bath, produced a return of tetanic tension and an increase of 5% in functional AChE activity. Similar results were obtained in the guinea-pig. The changes in synaptic AChE activity were verified pharmacologically by showing a decrease in the blocking activity of acetylcholine in preparations pretreated with pyridostigmine in comparison to those given soman alone following removal of the anti-cholinesterase. The blocking dose of carbachol did not change in these two groups indicating that desensitization was not a component of the protective action. A comparison was also made of the results obtained by measuring inhibition of AChE in situ with those obtained from muscle homogenates. The implications of these results are discussed.