National Telecommunication Institute, Cairo 11765, Egypt.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 30;23(11):5183. doi: 10.3390/s23115183.
Efficiently managing coexistence is crucial for achieving high-quality wireless communication in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band where multiple wireless communication systems operate. Coexistence problems between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signals are especially significant due to their shared frequency band, which often leads to interference and a reduced performance for both systems. Therefore, effective coexistence management strategies are essential for ensuring the optimal performance of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals in the ISM band. In this paper, the authors conducted a study to investigate coexistence management in the ISM band by evaluating four frequency hopping techniques: random, chaotic, adaptive, and an optimized chaotic technique proposed by the authors. The optimized chaotic technique aimed to minimize interference and ensure zero self-interference among hopping BLE nodes by optimizing the update coefficient. Simulations were conducted in an environment with existing Wi-Fi signal interference and interfering Bluetooth nodes. The authors compared several performance metrics, including the total interference rate, total successful connection rate, and trial execution time for channel selection processing time. The results indicated that the proposed optimized chaotic frequency hopping technique achieved a better balance between reducing interference with Wi-Fi signals, achieving a high success rate for connecting BLE nodes, and requiring minimal trial execution time. This makes it a suitable technique for managing interference in wireless communication systems. While the proposed technique had a higher interference than the adaptive technique for small numbers of BLE nodes, for larger numbers of nodes it had a much lower interference than the adaptive technique. The proposed optimized chaotic frequency hopping technique provides a promising solution for effectively managing coexistence in the ISM band, particularly between Wi-Fi and BLE signals. It has the potential to improve the performance and quality of wireless communication systems.
高效管理共存对于在工业、科学和医疗（ISM）频段中实现高质量的无线通信至关重要，在该频段中有多个无线通信系统在运行。Wi-Fi 和蓝牙低能（BLE）信号之间的共存问题尤为突出，因为它们共享的频段常常导致干扰，从而降低两个系统的性能。因此，有效的共存管理策略对于确保 Wi-Fi 和蓝牙信号在 ISM 频段中的最佳性能至关重要。在本文中，作者通过评估四种跳频技术：随机、混沌、自适应和作者提出的优化混沌技术，研究了 ISM 频段中的共存管理。优化混沌技术旨在通过优化更新系数来最小化干扰并确保跳频 BLE 节点之间的零自干扰。在存在现有 Wi-Fi 信号干扰和干扰蓝牙节点的环境中进行了仿真。作者比较了几种性能指标，包括总干扰率、总成功连接率和信道选择处理时间的试验执行时间。结果表明，所提出的优化混沌跳频技术在降低与 Wi-Fi 信号的干扰、实现高 BLE 节点连接成功率以及最小化试验执行时间之间取得了较好的平衡。这使其成为管理无线通信系统干扰的一种合适技术。虽然对于小数量的 BLE 节点，所提出的技术比自适应技术具有更高的干扰，但对于更大数量的节点，它比自适应技术具有低得多的干扰。所提出的优化混沌跳频技术为有效管理 ISM 频段中的共存提供了一种有前途的解决方案，特别是在 Wi-Fi 和 BLE 信号之间。它有可能提高无线通信系统的性能和质量。
