Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2023 Sep;79:127234. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127234. Epub 2023 Jun 7.
Colorectal tumor is a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality both in USA and around the globe. Exposure to environmental toxicants such as toxic trace elements has been implicated in colorectal malignancy. However, data linking them to this cancer are generally lacking.
Accordingly, the current study was to investigate the distribution, correlation and chemometric evaluation of 20 elements (Ca, Na, Mg, K, Zn, Fe, Ag, Co, Pb, Sn, Ni, Cr, Sr, Mn, Li, Se, Cd, Cu, Hg and As) in the tumor tissues (n = 147) and adjacent non tumor tissues (n = 147) of same colorectal patients which were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophometry employing nitric acid-perchloric acid based wet digestion method.
On the average, Zn (p < 0.05), Ag (p < 0.001), Pb (p < 0.001), Ni (p < 0.01), Cr (p < 0.005) and Cd (p < 0.001) showed significantly higher levels in the tumor tissues compared with the non tumor tissues of patients, whereas mean levels of Ca (p < 0.01), Na (p < 0.05), Mg (p < 0.001), Fe (p < 0.001), Sn (p < 0.05) and Se (p < 0.01), were significantly elevated in the non tumor tissues than the tissues of tumor patients. Most of the elements revealed markedly disparities in their elemental levels based on food (vegetarian/nonvegetarian) habits and smoking (smoker/nonsmoker) habits of donor groups. The correlation study and multivariate statistical analyses demonstrated some significantly divergent associations and apportionment of the elements in the tumor tissues and non tumor tissues of donors. Noticeably, variations in the elemental levels were also noted for colorectal tumor types (lymphoma, carcinoids tumor and adenocarcinoma) and stages (I, II, III, & IV) in patients.
Overall, the study revealed that disproportions in essential and toxic elemental concentrations in the tissues are involved in pathogenesis of the malignancy. These findings provide the data base that helps to oncologist for diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal malignant patients.
在美国和全球范围内，结直肠肿瘤是癌症发病率和死亡率的主要原因。环境毒物（如有毒微量元素）暴露已被认为与结直肠恶性肿瘤有关。然而，将这些毒物与结直肠肿瘤联系起来的数据通常是缺乏的。
因此，本研究旨在调查 20 种元素（Ca、Na、Mg、K、Zn、Fe、Ag、Co、Pb、Sn、Ni、Cr、Sr、Mn、Li、Se、Cd、Cu、Hg 和 As）在肿瘤组织（n=147）和同一结直肠患者的相邻非肿瘤组织（n=147）中的分布、相关性和化学计量评估。采用硝酸-高氯酸湿法消化法，用火焰原子吸收光谱法对其进行分析。
平均而言，Zn（p<0.05）、Ag（p<0.001）、Pb（p<0.001）、Ni（p<0.01）、Cr（p<0.005）和 Cd（p<0.001）在肿瘤组织中的水平明显高于患者的非肿瘤组织，而 Ca（p<0.01）、Na（p<0.05）、Mg（p<0.001）、Fe（p<0.001）、Sn（p<0.05）和 Se（p<0.01）的平均水平在非肿瘤组织中明显高于肿瘤患者的组织。根据供体组的饮食（素食/非素食）习惯和吸烟（吸烟者/非吸烟者）习惯，大多数元素的元素水平差异显著。相关性研究和多元统计分析表明，供体的肿瘤组织和非肿瘤组织中存在一些明显不同的元素关联和分配。值得注意的是，患者的结直肠肿瘤类型（淋巴瘤、类癌肿瘤和腺癌）和分期（I、II、III 和 IV）也存在元素水平的变化。
总的来说，该研究表明，组织中必需和有毒元素浓度的不平衡参与了恶性肿瘤的发病机制。这些发现为肿瘤学家提供了有助于结直肠恶性肿瘤患者诊断和预后的数据基础。
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