不同植物粕与牛粪有机肥混合对土壤微生物群落、功能及烟草产量和品质的影响。
Effects of different botanical oil meal mixed with cow manure organic fertilizers on soil microbial community and function and tobacco yield and quality.
作者信息
Chen Yuxuan, Lv Xiaolin, Qin Yanmin, Zhang Deping, Zhang Chaoqun, Song Zhanfeng, Liu Dongyang, Jiang Lianqiang, Huang Bin, Wang Jie
机构信息
Pest Integrated Management Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Jiangxi Provincial Tobacco Company, Fuzhou, China.
出版信息
Front Microbiol. 2023 May 25;14:1191059. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191059. eCollection 2023.
INTRODUCTION
The continuous application of cow manure in soil for many years leads to the accumulation of heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms, and antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, in recent years, cow manure has often been mixed with botanical oil meal as organic fertilizer applied to farmland to improve soil and crop quality. However, the effects of various botanical oil meal and cow manure mixed organic fertilizers on soil microbial composition, community structure, and function, tobacco yield, and quality remain unclear.
METHODS
Therefore, we prepared organic manure via solid fermentation by mixing cow manure with different oil meals (soybean meal, rape meal, peanut bran, sesame meal). Then, we studied its effects on soil microbial community structure and function, physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, tobacco yield and quality; then we analyzed the correlations between these factors.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Compared with cow manure alone, the four kinds of mixed botanical oil meal and cow manure improved the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco to different degrees. Peanut bran, which significantly improved the soil available phosphorus, available potassium, and NO-N, was the best addition. Compared with cow manure alone, soil fungal diversity was significantly decreased when rape meal or peanut bran was combined with cow manure, while soil bacterial and fungal abundance was significantly increased when rape meal was added compared with soybean meal or peanut bran. The addition of different botanical oil meals significantly enriched the and bacteria and and fungi in the soil. The relative abundances of functional genes of xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, soil endophytic fungi, and wood saprotroph functional groups increased. In addition, alkaline phosphatase had the greatest effect on soil microorganisms, while NO-N had the least effect on soil microorganisms. In conclusion, the mixed application of cow manure and botanical oil meal increased the available phosphorus and potassium contents in soil; enriched beneficial microorganisms; promoted the metabolic function of soil microorganisms; increased the yield and quality of tobacco; and improved the soil microecology.
引言
多年来在土壤中持续施用牛粪会导致重金属、致病微生物和抗生素抗性基因的积累。因此，近年来，牛粪常与植物性油粕混合作为有机肥料施用于农田，以改善土壤和作物质量。然而，各种植物性油粕与牛粪混合有机肥对土壤微生物组成、群落结构和功能、烟草产量和质量的影响仍不清楚。
方法
因此，我们通过将牛粪与不同的油粕（豆粕、菜粕、花生麸、芝麻粕）混合进行固体发酵来制备有机肥。然后，我们研究了其对土壤微生物群落结构和功能、理化性质、酶活性、烟草产量和质量的影响；接着分析了这些因素之间的相关性。
结果与讨论
与单独施用牛粪相比，四种植物性油粕与牛粪的混合物不同程度地提高了烤烟的产量和质量。花生麸是最佳添加物，它显著提高了土壤有效磷、有效钾和硝态氮含量。与单独施用牛粪相比，菜粕或花生麸与牛粪混合时土壤真菌多样性显著降低，但与豆粕或花生麸相比，添加菜粕时土壤细菌和真菌丰度显著增加。添加不同的植物性油粕显著富集了土壤中的 和 细菌以及 和 真菌。外源生物降解与代谢、土壤内生真菌和木材腐生功能组的功能基因相对丰度增加。此外，碱性磷酸酶对土壤微生物的影响最大，而硝态氮对土壤微生物的影响最小。总之，牛粪与植物性油粕混合施用增加了土壤中有效磷和钾的含量；富集了有益微生物；促进了土壤微生物的代谢功能；提高了烟草的产量和质量；改善了土壤微生态。
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