Menhinick Keith A, Sanders Cody J
Candler School of Theology, Emory University, 1531 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
Old Cambridge Baptist Church, 1151 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
Pastoral Psychol. 2023;72(3):367-384. doi: 10.1007/s11089-023-01073-z. Epub 2023 May 11.
This article examines how family rejection, religious/spiritual violence, homelessness, adverse school experience, interpersonal violence, and other experiences common among LGBTQ+ people and communities can be reframed as part of a stress-trauma continuum. The pressures and compulsions of white heteropatriarchal society (e.g., of identification, heterosexuality, monogamy, gender expression, etc.) harm us all, yet uniquely expose LGBTQ+ folks to a life of surveillance, stigma, prejudice, erasure, regulation, discipline, and violence. Multiple social psychologists have elucidated how the social conditions of white cis-heteropatriarchy thus engender a kind of chronic stress unique to LGBTQ+ populations (c.f., Meyer, 2013), a stress which accumulates. That accumulation can be understood as , which falls on a continuum of the stressful to the traumatic, depending on the availability of social supports, access to resources, and coping mechanisms. This article follows historical efforts in the LGBTQ+ community to depathologize trauma by contextualizing the LGBTQ+ lived experience in terms of a stress-trauma continuum. This shift nuances trauma as not only an individual experience but perhaps more importantly as a simultaneously neurobiological sociocultural experience. Therefore, such a framework helps us examine not only the violence of current social conditions, but also the experiences of and related to the threat against queer futures and the absenting of queer pasts. This article concludes with several proposals for the spiritual care of queer and trans lives whose experiences fall along this stress-trauma continuum.
本文探讨了家庭排斥、宗教/精神暴力、无家可归、不良学校经历、人际暴力以及 LGBTQ+ 群体和社区中常见的其他经历如何被重新构建为压力 - 创伤连续体的一部分。白人异性父权社会的压力和强制要求（例如身份认同、异性恋、一夫一妻制、性别表达等方面）对我们所有人都造成了伤害，但却使 LGBTQ+ 群体特别容易遭受监视、污名化、偏见、被抹杀、受到规训、惩戒和暴力的生活。多位社会心理学家已经阐明，白人顺性别异性父权制的社会状况如何导致了一种 LGBTQ+ 群体特有的慢性压力（参见迈耶，2013 年），这种压力会不断累积。这种累积可以被理解为 ，它处于从压力到创伤的连续体上，具体取决于社会支持的可获得性、资源获取情况和应对机制。本文沿袭了 LGBTQ+ 群体以往的努力，即通过将 LGBTQ+ 的生活经历置于压力 - 创伤连续体的背景下来消除创伤的病态化。这种转变使创伤的细微差别不仅在于个人经历，更重要的是在于它同时也是一种神经生物学和社会文化体验。因此，这样一个框架不仅有助于我们审视当前社会状况的暴力，还能审视与对酷儿未来的威胁以及酷儿过去的缺失相关的 和 的经历。本文最后提出了一些针对酷儿和跨性别者精神关怀的建议，他们的经历处于这种压力 - 创伤连续体之中。
