Young Stacy, Goldin Shoshanna, Dumolard Laure, Shendale Stephanie, McMurren Britney, Maltezou Helena C, Desai Shalini
Independent Consultant, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Vaccine. 2024 Feb 6;42(4):757-769. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.083. Epub 2023 Jun 14.
Immunization is essential for safeguarding health workers from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) that they may encounter at work; however, information about the prevalence and scope of national policies that protect health workers through vaccination is limited. Understanding the global landscape of health worker immunization programmes can help direct resources, assist decision-making and foster partnerships as nations consider strategies for increasing vaccination uptake among health workers.
A one-time supplementary survey was distributed to World Health Organization (WHO) Member States using the WHO/United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Joint Reporting Form on Immunization (JRF). Respondents described their 2020 national vaccination policies for health workers - detailing VPD policies and characterising technical and funding support, monitoring and evaluation activities and provisions for vaccinating health workers in emergencies.
A total of 53 % (103/194) Member States responded and described health worker policies: 51 had a national policy for vaccinating health workers; 10 reported plans to introduce a national policy within 5 years; 20 had subnational/institutional policies; 22 had no policy for vaccinating health workers. Most national policies were integrated with occupational health and safety policies (67 %) and included public and private providers (82 %). Hepatitis B, seasonal influenza and measles were most frequently included in policies. Countries both with and without national vaccination policies reported monitoring and reporting vaccine uptake (43 countries), promoting vaccination (53 countries) and assessing vaccine demand, uptake or reasons for undervaccination (25 countries) among health workers. Mechanisms for introducing a vaccine for health workers in an emergency existed in 62 countries.
National policies for vaccinating health workers were complex and context specific with regional and income-level variations. Opportunities exist for developing and strengthening national health worker immunization programmes. Existing health worker immunization programmes might provide a foothold on which broader health worker vaccination policies can be built and strengthened.
免疫接种对于保护医护人员免受工作中可能接触到的疫苗可预防疾病（VPD）至关重要；然而，关于通过疫苗接种保护医护人员的国家政策的普遍性和范围的信息有限。了解全球医护人员免疫接种计划的情况有助于在各国考虑提高医护人员疫苗接种率的策略时，指导资源分配、协助决策并促进伙伴关系。
通过世界卫生组织（WHO）/联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）免疫接种联合报告表（JRF）向WHO成员国进行了一次一次性补充调查。受访者描述了其2020年针对医护人员的国家疫苗接种政策——详细说明了VPD政策，并对技术和资金支持、监测与评估活动以及紧急情况下医护人员疫苗接种的规定进行了描述。
共有53%（103/194）的成员国做出回应并描述了医护人员政策：51个国家有针对医护人员接种疫苗的国家政策；10个国家报告计划在5年内出台国家政策；20个国家有地方/机构政策；22个国家没有针对医护人员接种疫苗的政策。大多数国家政策与职业健康和安全政策相结合（67%），并涵盖公共和私立医疗机构（82%）。政策中最常包括的疫苗是乙肝疫苗、季节性流感疫苗和麻疹疫苗。有和没有国家疫苗接种政策的国家都报告了对疫苗接种率的监测和报告（43个国家）、促进疫苗接种（53个国家）以及评估医护人员的疫苗需求、接种率或未充分接种的原因（25个国家）。62个国家存在在紧急情况下为医护人员引入疫苗的机制。
针对医护人员接种疫苗的国家政策复杂且因地区和收入水平而异。制定和加强国家医护人员免疫接种计划存在机会。现有的医护人员免疫接种计划可能为建立和加强更广泛的医护人员疫苗接种政策提供一个立足点。
