Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP, WPI), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Oho 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 Jun 2;130(22):221002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.221002.
Beyond-Standard-Model extensions of QCD could result in quark and gluon confinement occurring well above at temperature around the GeV scale. These models can also alter the order of the QCD phase transition. Therefore, the enhanced production of primordial black holes (PBHs) that can accompany the change in relativistic degrees of freedom at the QCD transition could favor the production of PBHs with mass scales smaller than the Standard Model QCD horizon scale. Consequently, and unlike PBHs associated with a standard GeV-scale QCD transition, such PBHs can account for all the dark matter abundance in the unconstrained asteroid-mass window. This links beyond-Standard-Model modifications of QCD physics over a broad range of unexplored temperature regimes (around 10-10^{3} TeV) with microlensing surveys searching for PBHs. Additionally, we discuss implications of these models for gravitational wave experiments. We show that a first-order QCD phase transition at around 7 TeV is consistent with the Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam candidate event, while a transition of around 70 GeV is consistent with OGLE candidate events and could also account for the claimed NANOGrav gravitational wave signal.
QCD 的超越标准模型扩展可能导致夸克和胶子的禁闭发生在温度远高于大约 10GeV 的温度范围内。这些模型还可以改变 QCD 相变的顺序。因此，伴随 QCD 相变时相对论自由度变化而增强的原始黑洞 (PBH) 的产生，可能有利于产生比标准模型 QCD 视界尺度小的质量尺度的 PBH。因此，与与标准 GeV 规模 QCD 相变相关的 PBH 不同，这种 PBH 可以解释小行星质量范围内未受限制的暗物质丰度。这将 QCD 物理的超越标准模型修正与寻找 PBH 的微引力透镜调查在广泛的未探索温度范围内（约 10-10^3 TeV）联系起来。此外，我们还讨论了这些模型对引力波实验的影响。我们表明，大约 7 TeV 的一阶 QCD 相变与 Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam 候选事件一致，而大约 70GeV 的相变与 OGLE 候选事件一致，也可以解释所谓的 NANOGrav 引力波信号。
