Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil-Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil-Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2023 Dec 5;302:123009. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123009. Epub 2023 Jun 12.
Novel spectrophotometric and smartphone-based colorimetric methods were developed and validated for the estimation of atenolol (ATE) in pharmaceutical formulations. The measurement procedure is based on the de-diazotization reaction, in which ATE is able to inhibit the diazotized sulfanilic acid from reacting with 8-hydroxy quinoline (8-HQ) in a basic medium. As a result, the formation of red-orange color azo-dye is hindered, and the color intensity is decreased proportionally to concentration of ATE. In spectrophotometric method the azo-dye color fate was monitored at 495 nm. While in smartphone-based colorimetric (SBC) method the captured image in the design processed by RGB App and transferred to the absorbance. The reactant concentrations were optimized using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface method. The methods exhibit good linearity in the 8.0 to 60.0 µg mL range with no significant effect of interferences. The spectrophotometric method yields a linear equation with a slope of 0.0187 (R = 0.9993), a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.28 µg mL, and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 4.28 µg mL. On the other hand, the smartphone-based colorimetric (SBC) method demonstrates a linear equation with a slope of 0.0127 (R = 0.9965), an LOD of 2.13 µg mL, and an LOQ of 7.09 µg mL. Analyzing ATE in pharmaceutical tablets was utilized to validate the applicability of the developed methods, and the results were statistically compared with those obtained by the HPLC method using the t-test and F-test.
开发并验证了一种基于新型分光光度法和智能手机比色法的测定药物制剂中阿替洛尔（ATE）的方法。该测量方法基于脱重氮化反应，在该反应中，ATE 能够抑制重氮化的磺胺在碱性介质中与 8-羟基喹啉（8-HQ）反应。结果，红色-橙色偶氮染料的形成受到阻碍，颜色强度与 ATE 的浓度成比例降低。在分光光度法中，偶氮染料的颜色命运在 495nm 处被监测。而在基于智能手机的比色法（SBC）中，设计中捕获的图像通过 RGB App 处理并转换为吸光度。使用中心复合设计（CCD）和响应面法优化了反应物浓度。该方法在 8.0 至 60.0μg mL 范围内表现出良好的线性，无明显干扰影响。分光光度法得到的线性方程斜率为 0.0187（R=0.9993），检测限（LOD）为 1.28μg mL，定量限（LOQ）为 4.28μg mL。另一方面，基于智能手机的比色法（SBC）显示的线性方程斜率为 0.0127（R=0.9965），检测限（LOD）为 2.13μg mL，定量限（LOQ）为 7.09μg mL。利用该方法分析药物片剂中的 ATE，验证了所开发方法的适用性，并通过 t 检验和 F 检验对两种方法的结果与 HPLC 法进行了统计学比较。
