Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2023 Jul;329:116027. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116027. Epub 2023 Jun 13.
The COVID-19 pandemic led to dramatic increases not only in physical illness, but also in mental health symptoms and disorders among U.S. adults. Although the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines dramatically lowered rates of physical illness and death, little is known about the effects of vaccines on mental health.
We assessed both individual and spillover effects of COVID-19 vaccination on mental health disorders, and whether effects of individual vaccination varied based on contextual risks indicated by state infection rates and state vaccination rates.
Using data from the Household Pulse Survey, we assessed 448,900 adults surveyed within approximately the first six months of the U.S. vaccine rollout (February 3 - August 2, 2021). Coarsened exact matching balanced vaccinated and non-vaccinated participants on demographic and economic characteristics.
Logistic regression analyses found 7% lowered odds of depression among vaccinated individuals, but no significant difference in anxiety. Reflecting potential spillover effects, state vaccination rates predicted lowered odds of anxiety and depression (1% decrease in odds for each additional 1% of the state population vaccinated). Although state COVID-19 infection rates did not moderate effects of individual vaccination on mental health outcomes, significant interactions indicated that effects of individual vaccination on mental health were stronger in contexts of lower state vaccination rates, and links between state vaccination rates and mental health problems were stronger among unvaccinated individuals.
Results suggest that COVID-19 vaccinations improved the mental health of adults in the U.S., with lower rates of self-reported mental health disorders both among vaccinated individuals themselves and among other individuals living in the same state, particularly when those individuals were not themselves vaccinated. These direct and spillover effects on mental health expand our understanding of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination for the wellbeing of adults in the U.S.
COVID-19 大流行不仅导致了身体疾病的急剧增加，还导致了美国成年人的心理健康症状和障碍的增加。尽管 COVID-19 疫苗的推出大大降低了身体疾病和死亡的发生率，但对于疫苗对心理健康的影响知之甚少。
我们评估了 COVID-19 疫苗接种对心理健康障碍的个体和溢出效应，以及个体接种疫苗的效果是否因州感染率和州接种率所指示的背景风险而有所不同。
使用来自家庭脉搏调查的数据，我们评估了大约在美国疫苗接种开始后的头六个月内接受调查的 448900 名成年人（2021 年 2 月 3 日至 8 月 2 日）。粗糙精确匹配平衡了接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的参与者的人口统计学和经济特征。
逻辑回归分析发现，接种疫苗的人患抑郁症的几率降低了 7%，但焦虑症没有显著差异。反映出潜在的溢出效应，州接种率预测焦虑和抑郁的几率降低（每增加 1%的州人口接种，几率降低 1%）。尽管州 COVID-19 感染率没有调节个体接种对心理健康结果的影响，但显著的交互作用表明，个体接种对心理健康的影响在州接种率较低的情况下更强，州接种率与心理健康问题之间的联系在未接种疫苗的个体中更强。
结果表明，COVID-19 疫苗接种改善了美国成年人的心理健康，接种疫苗的个体本身以及生活在同一州的其他个体报告的心理健康障碍发生率较低，尤其是当这些个体本身没有接种疫苗时。这些对心理健康的直接和溢出效应扩展了我们对 COVID-19 疫苗接种对美国成年人健康福祉的益处的理解。
