Li Juntao, Liu Haixiao, Xiao Zhong, Wei Xian, Liu Zhe, Zhang Zhipeng
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering of Ministry of Transport, Tianjin 300456, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 5;9(6):e17014. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17014. eCollection 2023 Jun.
(Carp) is a fish of great economic importance in China. However, its population has declined considerably due to the construction of barrages. Thus, fishways need to be constructed at barrages to protect fish resources. It is essential for the fishway design to study the swimming performance of carp. By applying incremental flow velocities in a glass open-type flume, three indicators of swimming performance of the carp in China with the body length (BL) of 13-21 cm, including the induced flow velocity (IFV), the critical swimming speed (U) and the burst swimming speed (U), are systematically assessed. The correlation between the swimming performance and the BL is also analyzed. The results indicate that the IFV of the carp is 15.56 ± 1.79 cm/s, which is not significantly influenced by the BL. The value of U varies from 60 to 82 cm/s and gradually increases with the increasing value of BL. The relative critical swimming speed (U') is 4.23 ± 0.28 BL/s and gradually decreases with the increasing value of BL. The value of U ranges from 77.2 to 105.1 cm/s, which is linearly positively correlated to BL. The relative burst swimming speed (U') is 5.42 ± 0.39 BL/s. The value of U is approximately 1.28 times of that of U for the carps with the same BL. These findings are meaningful to the further study of ecological behavior and to the fishway design and optimization of carps.
鲤鱼在中国是具有重要经济价值的鱼类。然而，由于水坝的建设，其种群数量大幅下降。因此，需要在水坝处建造鱼道以保护鱼类资源。研究鲤鱼的游泳性能对于鱼道设计至关重要。通过在玻璃开放式水槽中施加递增流速，系统评估了体长为13 - 21厘米的中国鲤鱼游泳性能的三个指标，包括诱导流速（IFV）、临界游泳速度（U）和爆发游泳速度（U）。还分析了游泳性能与体长之间的相关性。结果表明，鲤鱼的诱导流速为15.56±1.79厘米/秒，不受体长的显著影响。临界游泳速度值在60至82厘米/秒之间，并随体长增加而逐渐增加。相对临界游泳速度（U'）为4.23±0.28体长/秒，并随体长增加而逐渐降低。爆发游泳速度值在77.2至105.1厘米/秒之间，与体长呈线性正相关。相对爆发游泳速度（U'）为5.42±0.39体长/秒。对于相同体长的鲤鱼，爆发游泳速度值约为临界游泳速度值的1.28倍。这些发现对于进一步研究鲤鱼的生态行为以及鱼道设计和优化具有重要意义。
