Rather Mashoque Ahmad, Khan Andleeb, Wang Lianchun, Jahan Sadaf, Rehman Muneeb U, Makeen Hafiz A, Mohan Syam
Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Bryd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Heliyon. 2023 Jun 2;9(6):e16910. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16910. eCollection 2023 Jun.
TRP (Transient receptor potential) channels are integral membrane proteins consisting of a superfamily of cation channels that allow permeability of both monovalent and divalent cations. TRP channels are subdivided into six subfamilies: TRPC, TRPV, TRPM, TRPP, TRPML, and TRPA, and are expressed in almost every cell and tissue. TRPs play an instrumental role in the regulation of various physiological processes. TRP channels are extensively represented in brain tissues and are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, exhibiting responses to several mechanisms, including physical, chemical, and thermal stimuli. TRP channels are involved in the perturbation of Ca homeostasis in intracellular calcium stores, both in neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and its discrepancy leads to several neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TRPs participate in neurite outgrowth, receptor signaling, and excitotoxic cell death in the central nervous system. Understanding the mechanism of TRP channels in neurodegenerative diseases may extend to developing novel therapies. Thus, this review articulates TRP channels' physiological and pathological role in exploring new therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases.
瞬时受体电位（TRP）通道是由阳离子通道超家族组成的整合膜蛋白，允许单价和二价阳离子通透。TRP通道可细分为六个亚家族：TRPC、TRPV、TRPM、TRPP、TRPML和TRPA，几乎在每个细胞和组织中都有表达。TRP在各种生理过程的调节中发挥着重要作用。TRP通道在脑组织中广泛存在，并且在原核生物和真核生物中均有出现，对包括物理、化学和热刺激在内的多种机制产生反应。TRP通道参与神经元和非神经元细胞内钙库中钙稳态的扰动，其失调会导致多种神经疾病，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、亨廷顿病（HD）和肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）。TRP参与中枢神经系统中的神经突生长、受体信号传导和兴奋性毒性细胞死亡。了解TRP通道在神经退行性疾病中的机制可能有助于开发新的治疗方法。因此，本综述阐述了TRP通道在探索神经退行性疾病新治疗干预措施中的生理和病理作用。
