College of Energy Storage Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2023 Jul 11;59(56):8644-8659. doi: 10.1039/d3cc01593a.
Transition metal catalysts are widely used in the field of hydrogen production water electrolysis. The surface state and near-surface environment of the catalysts greatly affect the efficiency of hydrogen production. Therefore, the rational design of surface engineering and near-surface engineering of transition metal catalysts can significantly improve the performance of water electrolysis. This review systematically introduces surface engineering strategies, including heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, strain regulation, heterojunction effect, and surface reconstruction. These strategies optimize the surface electronic structure of the catalysts, expose more active sites, and promote the formation of highly active species, ultimately enhancing water electrolysis performance. Furthermore, near-surface engineering strategies, such as surface wettability, three-dimensional structure, high-curvature structure, external field assistance, and extra ion addition, are thoroughly discussed. These strategies expedite the mass transfer of reactants and gas products, improve the local chemical environment near the catalyst surface, and contribute toward achieving an industrial-level current density for overall water splitting. Finally, the key challenges faced by surface engineering and near-surface engineering of transition metal catalysts are highlighted and potential solutions are proposed. This review offers essential guidelines for the design and development of efficient transition metal catalysts for water electrolysis.
过渡金属催化剂在制氢 水分解领域得到了广泛的应用。催化剂的表面状态和近表面环境对制氢效率有很大的影响。因此，合理设计过渡金属催化剂的表面工程和近表面工程可以显著提高水分解的性能。本文系统地介绍了表面工程策略，包括杂原子掺杂、空位工程、应变调节、异质结效应和表面重构。这些策略优化了催化剂的表面电子结构，暴露了更多的活性位，促进了高活性物种的形成，最终提高了水分解性能。此外，还深入讨论了近表面工程策略，如表面润湿性、三维结构、高曲率结构、外场辅助和外加离子添加。这些策略加速了反应物和气体产物的传质，改善了催化剂表面附近的局部化学环境，有助于实现整体水分解的工业化电流密度。最后，强调了过渡金属催化剂的表面工程和近表面工程所面临的关键挑战，并提出了潜在的解决方案。本文为设计和开发高效的过渡金属催化剂用于水分解提供了重要的指导。
