Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
Arch Anim Nutr. 2023 Jun;77(3):228-244. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
The present study aimed to compare the effects of vitamin D and vitamin D supplementation on concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in plasma and the expression of genes involved in the innate immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in weaned pigs. Five groups of pigs (with an initial body weight of around 9 kg) received basal diets supplemented with either 500 (control group), 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D/kg diet or 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D/kg diet for a period of 4 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Supplementation of vitamin D led to a dose-dependent increase of the concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum. In contrast, pigs supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D/kg diet did not have higher concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum than the control group. The ratio of free/total 25(OH)D in serum was not influenced by vitamin D supplementation, whereas the group supplemented with 2000 IU vitamin D/kg diet had a higher free/total 25(OH)D ratio than the groups supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D/kg diet. Genes involved in vitamin D signalling (), as well as pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory genes ( and ) and genes encoding porcine protegrins (), proteins belonging to the group of antimicrobial peptides, in PBMC were not different among groups supplemented with vitamin D or vitamin D and the control group. Therefore, the study indicates that supplementation of vitamin D causes much lower levels of total 25(OH)D than supplementation of vitamin D and that supplementation of vitamins D or D at moderate levels does not have an impact on the innate immune function in healthy pigs.
本研究旨在比较维生素 D 和维生素 D 补充剂对断奶仔猪血浆中总 25(OH)D 和游离 25(OH)D 浓度以及外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中固有免疫系统相关基因表达的影响。五组仔猪（初始体重约为 9kg）接受基础日粮补充，补充水平分别为 500IU（对照组）、1000IU 或 2000IU 维生素 D/千克日粮或 1000IU 或 2000IU 维生素 D/千克日粮，持续 4 周。维生素 D 补充剂对采食量、体重增长、饲料转化率、钙和磷的表观全肠道消化率以及血清钙、无机磷和甲状旁腺激素浓度没有影响。维生素 D 补充导致血清总 25(OH)D 和游离 25(OH)D 浓度呈剂量依赖性增加。相比之下，补充 1000IU 或 2000IU 维生素 D/千克日粮的仔猪血清总 25(OH)D 和游离 25(OH)D 浓度没有比对照组高。血清中游离/总 25(OH)D 比值不受维生素 D 补充的影响，而补充 2000IU 维生素 D/千克日粮的组比补充 1000IU 或 2000IU 维生素 D/千克日粮的组具有更高的游离/总 25(OH)D 比值。维生素 D 信号转导相关基因（）以及促炎和免疫调节基因（和）和编码猪防御素（）的基因，防御素属于抗菌肽组，在 PBMC 中，各组之间没有差异，无论是补充维生素 D 还是维生素 D 和维生素 D 的组，与对照组相比。因此，本研究表明，维生素 D 补充剂导致的总 25(OH)D 水平远低于维生素 D 补充剂，而且中等水平的维生素 D 或 D 补充剂对健康仔猪的固有免疫功能没有影响。
