School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
Dalton Trans. 2023 Jul 4;52(26):9042-9047. doi: 10.1039/d3dt01416a.
Pursuing the structural planarization of energetic materials is an efficient method for achieving improved performance. Although many planar energetic molecules have been prepared so far, the innovation of advanced planar explosives still relies on the scientific intuition, experience and trial-and-error of researchers. Now, a triazole-induced planarization strategy is proposed based on the regulation of aromaticity, charge distribution, and hydrogen bonds. The incorporation of a triazole ring into the non-planar molecule 5-amino-1-nitriminotetrazole (VII) results in a planar energetic material named -[5-amino-1-(1-tetrazol-5-yl)-1-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]nitramide (3). Compared with VII ( = 85 °C; IS < 0.25 J; FS < 5 N), 3 shows remarkably improved thermal stability ( = 145 °C) and reduced sensitivities (IS = 20 J; FS > 360 N). The variation of thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity from VII to 3 reflects the effectiveness and superiority of the planarization strategy. Benefiting from the properties of 3, its energetic salt 5 exhibits excellent overall performance ( = 9342 m s; = 31.6 GPa; = 201 °C; IS = 20 J; FS = 360 N), which is comparable to that of HMX. Moreover, the triazole-induced planarization strategy may serve as a guide for exploring advanced energetic materials.
追求高能材料的结构平面化是提高性能的有效方法。尽管迄今为止已经制备了许多平面高能分子，但先进平面炸药的创新仍然依赖于研究人员的科学直觉、经验和反复试验。现在，提出了一种基于芳香性、电荷分布和氢键调节的三唑诱导平面化策略。将三唑环引入非平面分子 5-氨基-1-硝胺四唑（VII）中，得到一种名为-[5-氨基-1-（1-四唑基-5-基）-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]硝酰胺（3）的平面高能材料。与 VII（ = 85°C；IS < 0.25 J；FS < 5 N）相比，3 表现出显著改善的热稳定性（ = 145°C）和降低的感度（IS = 20 J；FS > 360 N）。从 VII 到 3 的热稳定性和机械感度的变化反映了平面化策略的有效性和优越性。得益于 3 的性质，其含能盐 5 表现出优异的整体性能（ = 9342 m s； = 31.6 GPa； = 201°C；IS = 20 J；FS = 360 N），与 HMX 相当。此外，三唑诱导的平面化策略可能成为探索先进高能材料的指导。
