Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Neuroscience Research, VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Neuroscience Research, VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Sep;190:107157. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107157. Epub 2023 Jun 17.
Cervical spine (c-spine) injuries are a common injury during automobile crashes. The objective of this study is to verify an existing head-neck (HN) finite element model with military volunteer frontal impact kinematics by varying the muscle activation scheme from previous literature. Proper muscle activation will allow for accurate percent elongation (strain) of the c-spine ligaments and will serve to establish ligamentous response during non-injury frontal impacts. Previous human research volunteer (HRV) frontal impact sled tests reported kinematic data that served as the input for HN model simulation. Peak sled acceleration (PSA) was varied between 10G and 30G for HRVs. Muscle activation was shifted to begin at 0 ms at start of impact to allow for proper muscle contraction in the HN model. Then, extensor muscle activation magnitude was varied between 20 and 100% to determine the proper activation necessary to match kinematic outputs from the model with experimental results. The model was validated against 10G test recorded response. Ligament strain was measured from multiple ligaments along the c-spine once the model was verified. The 40% activated extensor muscle scheme was deemed the most biofidelic, with CORA scores of 0.743 and 0.686 for head X linear acceleration and angular Y acceleration for 10G pulse. All PSA groups scored well with this muscle activation. Most ligaments were buffered well by the active simulation, with only the interspinous ligament nearing physiologic injury. With the HN model verified against additional kinematic data, simulations with higher accelerations to predict areas of injury in real life crash scenarios are possible.
颈椎（c-spine）损伤是汽车碰撞中常见的损伤。本研究的目的是通过改变肌肉激活方案来验证现有的头颈部（HN）有限元模型与军事志愿者正面碰撞运动学，该方案来自之前的文献。适当的肌肉激活将允许准确测量颈椎韧带的百分伸长率（应变），并有助于在非损伤性正面碰撞中建立韧带反应。之前的人类研究志愿者（HRV）正面冲击滑橇测试报告了运动学数据，这些数据作为 HN 模型模拟的输入。峰值滑橇加速度（PSA）在 10G 和 30G 之间变化，用于 HRV。肌肉激活在冲击开始时从 0ms 开始转移，以使 HN 模型中的肌肉收缩正常。然后，改变伸肌激活幅度在 20%到 100%之间，以确定与模型的运动学输出匹配所需的适当激活，从而匹配实验结果。模型根据 10G 测试记录的响应进行了验证。一旦模型得到验证，就从颈椎的多个韧带测量韧带应变。40%激活的伸肌方案被认为是最仿生的，头部 X 线性加速度和 10G 脉冲的 Y 角速度的 CORA 分数分别为 0.743 和 0.686。所有 PSA 组的肌肉激活评分都很好。大多数韧带在主动模拟中缓冲良好，只有棘间韧带接近生理损伤。随着 HN 模型对更多运动学数据的验证，模拟更高的加速度以预测现实生活中碰撞场景中的损伤区域是可能的。
