Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, 125 McConnell Hall, 15 Academic Way, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America.
Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, 125 McConnell Hall, 15 Academic Way, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America.
Child Abuse Negl. 2023 Sep;143:106269. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106269. Epub 2023 Jun 17.
This paper presents a categorization of sexual image crimes and abuse that occur against children, and it compares their frequency, dynamics, and emotional impact.
A national sample of 2639 respondents aged 18-to-28 disclosed 369 childhood episodes involving a variety of image abuse.
Online self-administered questionnaire.
The analysis classified the cases into five incident types: 1) adult made images (child sexual abuse images), 2) images non-consensually made by other youth, 3) voluntarily provided self-made images that were non-consensually shared by other youth, 4) voluntarily provided self-made images non-consensually shared by adults, and 5) voluntarily provided self-made images to adults that entailed an illegal age difference or were part of a commercial transaction. We propose to refer to this aggregation of types as Image Based Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children (IBSEAC). Only 12 % of the image episodes qualified as adult produced, child sexual abuse images. Such adult produced image experiences were also not higher in negative emotional impact than the youth produced images. Only 10 % of the episodes involved images of children under age 13.
The study highlights the predominance of youth made sexual images among the image exploitation and abuse affecting youth according to self-report. It also highlights the difference between what victim surveys reveal about the problem and what is inferred from police record studies.
本文对儿童性图像犯罪和虐待行为进行了分类，并对其发生频率、动态和情感影响进行了比较。
2639 名年龄在 18 至 28 岁的受访者参与了一项全国性抽样调查，他们披露了 369 起涉及各种图像虐待的童年事件。
在线自我管理问卷。
分析将这些案例分为五种事件类型：1）成人制作的图像（儿童性虐待图像），2）其他青年非自愿制作的图像，3）自愿提供的非自愿由其他青年分享的自制图像，4）自愿提供的非自愿由成人分享的自制图像，5）自愿提供的自制图像给成年人，涉及非法年龄差异或商业交易。我们建议将这一组类型称为基于图像的儿童性剥削和虐待（IBSEAC）。只有 12%的图像事件符合成人制作、儿童性虐待图像的标准。这种成人制作的图像体验在情感影响上也不比青年制作的图像高。只有 10%的事件涉及 13 岁以下儿童的图像。
根据自我报告，该研究强调了在影响青年的图像剥削和虐待中，青年制作的性图像占主导地位。它还突出了受害者调查揭示的问题与警方记录研究推断之间的差异。
