Le Talec Jean-Yves, Supervie Virginie, Palich Romain
Sante Publique. 2023;34(HS2):151-162. doi: 10.3917/spub.hs2.0151.
The ANRS 14058 Ganymede study aims to determine the proportion post-migration HIV-seroconversion in a sample of HIV-positive men having sex with men (MSM) born outside of France and receiving medical care in Paris region (Île-de-France). The study, based on a self-questionnaire, is also focused on the life course of these MSM before, during and after the migration process.
The paper refers to a qualitative exploratory study, taking place as a prerequisite for the Ganymede study, in order to refine its questionnaire. The purpose of these interviews was also to explore the migratory motivations and experiences, the sexual biography, and the health history, of a sample of seropositive MSM born outside of France, and to illustrate the diversity of this epidemiological category.
Forteen respondents participated in the interview study. Nine of them have learned of their HIV-positive status after having emigrated to France. None of the respondents mentioned a major barrier to medical care access and HIV follow-up. The obstacles they reported were related to the coverage of medical expenses, due to their possible precarious legal and social situation. These men were exposed to the effects of power relations, leading to discrimination and violence, whose wider impacts on health were weakly evoked.
Although the findings of the exploratory study are not to be generalized, they illustrate the health issues of the interviewees, and the wide diversity of their biographies and life courses, emphasizing the impact of gender and class power relations as a source of social and health inequalities, and precariousness. They invite therefore to describe this epidemiological category of "MSM born outside of France" in a more heterogeneous way.
法国国家艾滋病研究机构（ANRS）的14058号伽倪墨得斯研究旨在确定在法国境外出生且在巴黎地区（法兰西岛）接受医疗护理的男同性恋艾滋病毒阳性者样本中，移民后艾滋病毒血清转化的比例。该研究基于一份自填问卷，还聚焦于这些男同性恋者在移民过程之前、期间和之后的人生历程。
本文涉及一项定性探索性研究，作为伽倪墨得斯研究的前提条件开展，以完善其问卷。这些访谈的目的还在于探究出生在法国境外的血清阳性男同性恋者样本的移民动机和经历、性经历以及健康史，并阐明这一流行病学类别的多样性。
14名受访者参与了访谈研究。其中9人在移民到法国后得知自己艾滋病毒呈阳性。没有一位受访者提及获得医疗护理和艾滋病毒随访的重大障碍。他们报告的障碍与医疗费用覆盖有关，原因是他们可能处于不稳定的法律和社会状况。这些男性受到权力关系的影响，导致歧视和暴力，而对健康的更广泛影响只是略有提及。
尽管探索性研究的结果不可一概而论，但它们阐明了受访者的健康问题，以及他们经历和人生历程的广泛多样性，强调了性别和阶级权力关系作为社会和健康不平等及不稳定根源的影响。因此，它们促使人们以更加多样化的方式描述“出生在法国境外的男同性恋者”这一流行病学类别。
