Bränström Richard, Tognetti Arnaud
Sante Publique. 2023;34(HS2):169-178. doi: 10.3917/spub.hs2.0169.
Structural stigma in the form of legal discrimination and population acceptance of same-sex relationships vary greatly across European countries. Previous cross-sectional research has linked such county variation in stigma with life-satisfaction among sexual minorities, but the consequences of the past decade's improvement in legal recognition and social acceptance of same-sex relationships are unknown. In the current study, we, therefore, examined the change in life-satisfaction among sexual minorities between 2012 and 2019 in France, Sweden, and Poland - three countries for which the legal situation and social acceptance of sexual minorities have changed in different directions during the past decade.
Between April and July 2012, and again between May and July 2019, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights conducted web-based surveys to monitor the fundamental rights situation affecting lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals, living in 28 European countries. For the current study, we analyzed data from all LGB respondents in France, Sweden, and Poland, with no history of migration in 2012 (n = 12,357) and 2019 (n = 21,858).
Regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, and relationship status, showed a strong and significant improvement in life-satisfaction among sexual minorities in France between 2012 and 2019 (β = 0.397, 95 % CI: 0.337, 0.457, p < .001), a country that had experienced improvements in legal recognition (e.g., same-sex marriage legislation in 2013) and improved social acceptance during the same period. In Sweden, which had a high degree of legal recognition and social acceptance in place already in 2012, we found a small increase life-satisfaction among sexual minorities between 2012 and 2019 (β = 0.188, 95 % CI: 0.042, 0.333, p = .012). In Poland, who had experienced deteriorating social acceptance between 2012 and 2019, we found a declined in life-satisfaction among sexual minorities (β = - 0.289, 95 % CI: - 0.385, - 0.193, p < .001).
Although life satisfaction has increased during the past decade among sexual minorities living in Europe, there are significant variations across countries largely due to the structural stigma and degree of legal recognition of same-sex relationships of those countries. The findings highlight the importance of further efforts to reduce structural stigma by improving legal recognition and social acceptance of same-sex relationships to promote equitable life satisfaction.
法律歧视形式的结构性污名以及欧洲各国对同性关系的民众接受程度差异很大。以往的横断面研究已将这种国家层面的污名差异与性少数群体的生活满意度联系起来，但过去十年同性关系在法律认可和社会接受方面的改善所带来的后果尚不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我们考察了2012年至2019年间法国、瑞典和波兰性少数群体生活满意度的变化——在过去十年中，这三个国家性少数群体的法律状况和社会接受程度朝着不同方向发生了变化。
2012年4月至7月以及2019年5月至7月期间，欧洲联盟基本权利机构开展了基于网络的调查，以监测影响生活在28个欧洲国家的女同性恋、男同性恋和双性恋（LGB）者的基本权利状况。在本研究中，我们分析了法国、瑞典和波兰所有LGB受访者的数据，这些受访者在2012年（n = 12357）和2019年（n = 21858）均无移民史。
经年龄、性别、教育程度和恋爱状况调整后的回归模型显示，2012年至2019年间，法国性少数群体的生活满意度有显著提高（β = 0.397，95%CI：0.337，0.457，p <.001），该国在同一时期法律认可有所改善（例如2013年的同性婚姻立法）且社会接受度提高。在2012年就已有高度法律认可和社会接受度的瑞典，我们发现2012年至2019年间性少数群体的生活满意度略有上升（β = 0.188，95%CI：0.042，0.333，p = 0.012）。在2012年至2019年间社会接受度恶化的波兰，我们发现性少数群体的生活满意度下降了（β = - 0.289，95%CI：- 0.385，- 0.193，p <.001）。
尽管过去十年中生活在欧洲的性少数群体的生活满意度有所提高，但各国之间仍存在显著差异，这在很大程度上归因于这些国家的结构性污名以及对同性关系的法律认可程度。研究结果凸显了进一步努力减少结构性污名的重要性，即通过改善对同性关系的法律认可和社会接受度来促进公平的生活满意度。
