Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Nano Biotechnology Group, University of Tehran, Iran. Tehran 1439957131, Iran.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2023 Jul 17;6(7):2622-2635. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00257. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
Biosensors are valuable tools for the detection of biological species, including cells, pathogens, proteins, and other biological molecules. Biosensing devices integrated with microfluidics not only allow for easier sample preparation, portability, and reduced detection time and cost but also offer unique features such as label-free detection and improved sensitivity. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly acute myocardial infarction, which is considered one of the main causes of death, are currently diagnosed by electrocardiography (ECG), which has been proven to be inadequate. To overcome the limitations of ECG, the efficient detection of cardiac biomarkers and specifically the measurement of cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) are suggested. This review aims to expound on microfluidics, the most recent materials to develop these devices, and their application in medical diagnosis, particularly in CVD detection. Moreover, we will explore some of the prevalent and last readout methods to investigate in-depth electrochemical label-free detection methods for CVDs, primarily based on voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with the main focus on structural details.
生物传感器是检测生物物种（包括细胞、病原体、蛋白质和其他生物分子）的有价值的工具。与微流控技术集成的生物传感设备不仅允许更轻松地进行样品制备、提高便携性、缩短检测时间和降低成本，而且还提供了一些独特的功能，如无标记检测和提高的灵敏度。心血管疾病 (CVDs)，特别是急性心肌梗死，被认为是主要的死亡原因之一，目前通过心电图 (ECG) 进行诊断，已经证明这种方法不够充分。为了克服 ECG 的局限性，建议使用高效的心脏生物标志物检测方法，特别是测量心肌肌钙蛋白 (cTnT 和 cTnI)。这篇综述旨在阐述微流控技术，以及用于开发这些设备的最新材料，及其在医学诊断中的应用，特别是在 CVD 检测方面的应用。此外，我们将探讨一些流行和最新的读出方法，深入研究基于伏安法和电化学阻抗谱的 CVD 电化学无标记检测方法，主要侧重于结构细节。
