Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2023 Sep;125(3):571-589. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000426. Epub 2023 Jun 19.
Contact with members of one's own group (ingroup) and other groups (outgroups) shapes individuals' beliefs about the world, including perceptions of discrimination against one's ingroup. Research to date indicates that, among members of disadvantaged groups, contact with an advantaged outgroup is associated with less perceived discrimination, while contact with the disadvantaged ingroup is associated with more perceived discrimination. Past studies, however, considered ingroup and outgroup contact in isolation and overlooked the various processes that could explain these associations. We addressed these issues by examining whether disadvantaged-group members' perceptions of discrimination are shaped by how much contact they have with ingroup and outgroup members () or by those ingroup and outgroup members' perceptions of discrimination () while controlling for their tendency to affiliate with similar others (). Three studies (total = 5,866 ethnic minority group members) assessed participants' positive contact, friendships, and perceived discrimination and applied longitudinal and social network analyses to separate and simultaneously test contact, socialization, and selection processes. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence that contact with members of the advantaged outgroup precedes perceived discrimination. Instead, we found that friendships with members of the disadvantaged ingroup longitudinally predict perceived discrimination through the process of socialization-disadvantaged-group members' perceptions of discrimination became more similar to their ingroup friends' perceptions of discrimination over time. We conclude that perceptions of discrimination should be partly understood as a socialized belief about a shared reality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
与自己群体（内群体）成员和其他群体（外群体）的接触塑造了个体对世界的信念，包括对群体内歧视的看法。迄今为止的研究表明，在弱势群体成员中，与优势外群体的接触与较少的感知歧视有关，而与弱势群体内群体的接触与更多的感知歧视有关。然而，过去的研究孤立地考虑了内群体和外群体的接触，忽略了可以解释这些关联的各种过程。我们通过考察弱势群体成员对歧视的看法是受他们与内群体和外群体成员接触的程度（）影响，还是受那些内群体和外群体成员对歧视的看法（）影响，同时控制了他们与相似他人结盟的倾向（），来解决这些问题。三项研究（共有 5866 名少数民族群体成员）评估了参与者的积极接触、友谊和感知歧视，并应用纵向和社会网络分析来分离和同时测试接触、社会化和选择过程。与以往的研究不同，我们没有发现与优势外群体成员的接触先于感知歧视的证据。相反，我们发现与弱势群体内群体成员的友谊通过社会化过程来预测感知歧视——随着时间的推移，弱势群体成员对歧视的看法变得越来越与他们内群体朋友的看法相似。我们的结论是，对歧视的看法应该部分理解为对共同现实的一种社会化信念。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
