College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, The People's Republic of China.
College of Atmosphere and Remote Sensing, Wuxi University, Wuxi, 214105, The People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jul;30(35):83319-83329. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28256-8. Epub 2023 Jun 20.
How to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas CO from farmland and to improve crop yield is one of the most concerned agricultural ecological environment issues for scientists at present. As an excellent soil conditioner, biochar has a very broad research value and application path in the field. Taking farmland in northern China as the research object, this paper studied the impact of biochar application on soil CO emission potential and crop yield in farmland in northern China through big data analysis and modeling methods. The results show that the ideal scenario for increasing crop production and reducing CO emissions should be that the raw materials for the preparation of biochar are wheat straw and rice straw; the preparation temperature is 400-500 ℃, the C/N ratio of biochar is 80-90, the pH of biochar is 8-9, the soil texture is sandy soil or loam soil, soil bulk density is 1.2-1.4 g cm, the soil pH is less than 6, the soil organic matter content is 10-20 g kg, and the soil C/N is less than 10; the application amount of biochar is 20-40 t ha; and the use time of biochar is 1 year. In view of this, this study selected the data of microbial biomass (X), soil respiration rate (X), soil organic matter (X), soil moisture content (X), average soil temperature (X), and CO emissions (Y) for correlation analysis and path analysis, and finally obtained the multiple stepwise regression equation between CO emissions and various impact factors as follows: Y = - 27.981 + 0.6249 X + 0.5143 X + 0.4257X + 0.3165X + 0.2014X (R = 0.867, P < 0.01, n = 137). Microbial biomass and soil respiration rate directly affect CO emissions, reaching a highly significant level (P < 0.01); the second is soil organic matter, soil moisture content, and average soil temperature. The indirect relationship between CO emissions and soil average temperature, microbial biomass, and soil respiration rate is the strongest, followed by soil organic matter and soil moisture content.
如何减少农田温室气体 CO 的排放并提高作物产量是当前科学家最关注的农业生态环境问题之一。生物炭作为一种优良的土壤改良剂，在土壤领域具有非常广阔的研究价值和应用途径。以中国北方农田为研究对象，本文通过大数据分析和建模方法，研究了生物炭的施用对中国北方农田土壤 CO 排放潜力和作物产量的影响。结果表明，增加作物产量和减少 CO 排放的理想情景应该是：生物炭制备原料为小麦秸秆和水稻秸秆；制备温度为 400-500℃；生物炭的 C/N 比为 80-90；生物炭的 pH 值为 8-9；土壤质地为沙壤土或壤土；土壤容重为 1.2-1.4 g/cm³；土壤 pH 值小于 6；土壤有机质含量为 10-20 g/kg；土壤 C/N 比小于 10；生物炭的施用量为 20-40 t/ha；生物炭的使用时间为 1 年。有鉴于此，本研究选取微生物生物量（X）、土壤呼吸速率（X）、土壤有机质（X）、土壤含水量（X）、平均土壤温度（X）和 CO 排放量（Y）进行相关分析和路径分析，最终得到 CO 排放量与各影响因素的多元逐步回归方程如下：Y=-27.981+0.6249X+0.5143X+0.4257X+0.3165X+0.2014X（R=0.867，P<0.01，n=137）。微生物生物量和土壤呼吸速率直接影响 CO 的排放，达到极显著水平（P<0.01）；其次是土壤有机质、土壤含水量和平均土壤温度。CO 排放量与土壤平均温度、微生物生物量和土壤呼吸速率的间接关系最强，其次是土壤有机质和土壤含水量。
