Eco-anthropologie, MNHN/CNRS/Univ. Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Virology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.
Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 21;14(1):3674. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39455-9.
Human-animal pathogenic transmissions threaten both human and animal health, and the processes catalyzing zoonotic spillover and spillback are complex. Prior field studies offer partial insight into these processes but overlook animal ecologies and human perceptions and practices facilitating human-animal contact. Conducted in Cameroon and a European zoo, this integrative study elucidates these processes, incorporating metagenomic, historical, anthropological and great ape ecological analyses, and real-time evaluation of human-great ape contact types and frequencies. We find more enteric eukaryotic virome sharing between Cameroonian humans and great apes than in the zoo, virome convergence between Cameroonian humans and gorillas, and adenovirus and enterovirus taxa as most frequently shared between Cameroonian humans and great apes. Together with physical contact from hunting, meat handling and fecal exposure, overlapping human cultivation and gorilla pillaging in forest gardens help explain these findings. Our multidisciplinary study identifies environmental co-use as a complementary mechanism for viral sharing.
人畜共患病的传播威胁着人类和动物的健康，而导致人畜共患病溢出和回流的过程十分复杂。先前的实地研究提供了对这些过程的部分了解，但忽略了促进人与动物接触的动物生态和人类认知及实践。本研究在喀麦隆和一家欧洲动物园进行，综合了宏基因组、历史、人类学和大型类人猿生态学分析，并实时评估了人与大型类人猿接触的类型和频率。我们发现喀麦隆人类和大型类人猿之间的肠道真核病毒组共享比动物园中更多，喀麦隆人类和大猩猩之间的病毒组趋同，以及腺病毒和肠道病毒类群在喀麦隆人类和大型类人猿之间最常共享。除了狩猎、处理肉类和粪便暴露等身体接触外，人类在森林花园中的耕种和大猩猩的掠夺行为也存在重叠，这有助于解释这些发现。我们的多学科研究确定了环境共同利用是病毒共享的补充机制。
