Department of Geosciences, GeoBioTec Research Centre, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Exatronic, Lda, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Aug;45(8):6621-6641. doi: 10.1007/s10653-023-01639-z. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
The risks associated with the use of peloids in thermal centers, spas, or at home, must be tested to develop appropriate safety guidelines for peloids formulations and the release of substances of high concern. Additionally, the beneficial effects of some elements on human health should be assessed to aid in interpreting the therapeutic action and effectiveness of pelotherapy on dermatological or osteomuscular disorders. Therefore, a methodology was developed to better understand the biogeochemical behavior of the elements in formulated peloids. Two peloids were formulated with the same clay and two different sulfurous mineral-medicinal waters for 90 days, with light stirring every 15 days. Bentonite clay, with a high content of smectite and Ca and Mg as the main exchangeable cations, and high heat capacity, was used. The selected mineral-medicinal waters were collected from two Portuguese thermal centers with recognized therapeutic efficacy for rheumatic, respiratory and dermatological pathologies. The peloids were used without drying and withdrawn directly from the maturation tank, and a mixture of bentonite and demineralized water was prepared as a reference sample. A stabilized, ready-to-use, artificial perspiration test was used to simulate the peloids' interaction with skin. Thirty-one elements extracted from the two prepared peloids were analyzed using ICP-MS. The data were analyzed and related to the mineralogical composition of the original clay and supernatant composition of the maturation tanks. The content of some potentially toxic elements and metals' bioaccessibility by perspiration showed very low solubility and undetectable amounts extracted from the studied samples. This analytical method provided reliable information on dermal exposure and the identification of some elements that may enter the systemic circulation, requiring implementation of surveillance and control measures.
泥疗法制剂和高关注物质释放的安全性指南，必须通过测试与泥疗法相关的风险来制定。此外，还应该评估某些元素对人体健康的有益影响，以帮助解释泥疗对皮肤病学或肌肉骨骼疾病的治疗作用和效果。因此，开发了一种方法来更好地理解配方泥中元素的生物地球化学行为。用相同的粘土和两种不同的含硫矿泉医用水，在 90 天内，每隔 15 天轻轻搅拌一次，制成了两种泥。所用膨润土粘土含有大量的蒙脱石和 Ca 和 Mg 作为主要可交换阳离子，且具有高热容量。选择的矿泉医用水取自两个葡萄牙温泉疗养中心，这些温泉中心以治疗风湿、呼吸和皮肤病学疾病的疗效而闻名。泥未干燥直接从成熟罐中取出使用，并用膨润土和去矿物质水的混合物作为参考样本制备。使用稳定的、即用型的人工发汗测试来模拟泥与皮肤的相互作用。用 ICP-MS 分析了从两种制备的泥中提取的 31 种元素。对数据进行了分析，并与原始粘土的矿物成分和成熟罐的上清液成分进行了关联。一些潜在有毒元素的含量和通过汗液的金属生物可利用性表明，从研究样本中提取的溶解度非常低，且无法检测到。该分析方法提供了关于皮肤接触的可靠信息，以及可能进入体循环的一些元素的鉴定，需要实施监测和控制措施。
