Skilleter Patrick, Nelson David, Dodd Ian C
Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
Technical Department, Branston Ltd., Lincoln, United Kingdom.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 5;14:1095790. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1095790. eCollection 2023.
Since soil compaction of potato fields delays shoot emergence and decreases total yield, the causes and effects of this compaction need to be better understood. In a controlled environment trial with young (before tuber initiation) plants, roots of cv. Inca Bella (a group cultivar) were more sensitive to increased soil resistance (3.0 MPa) than cv. Maris Piper (a group cultivar). Such variation was hypothesized to cause yield differences in two field trials, in which compaction treatments were applied after tuber planting. Trial 1 increased initial soil resistance from 0.15 MPa to 0.3 MPa. By the end of the growing season, soil resistance increased three-fold in the upper 20 cm of the soil, but resistance in Maris Piper plots was up to twice that of Inca Bella plots. Maris Piper yield was 60% higher than Inca Bella and independent of soil compaction treatment, whilst compacted soil reduced Inca Bella yield by 30%. Trial 2 increased initial soil resistance from 0.2 MPa to 1.0 MPa. Soil resistance in the compacted treatments increased to similar, cultivar-dependent resistances as trial 1. Maris Piper yield was 12% higher than Inca Bella, but cultivar variation in yield response to compacted soil did not occur. Soil water content, root growth and tuber growth were measured to determine whether these factors could explain cultivar differences in soil resistance. Soil water content was similar between cultivars, thus did not cause soil resistance to vary between cultivars. Root density was insufficient to cause observed increases soil resistance. Finally, differences in soil resistance between cultivars became significant during tuber initiation, and became more pronounced until harvest. Increased tuber biomass volume (yield) of Maris Piper increased estimated mean soil density (and thus soil resistance) more than Inca Bella. This increase seems to depend on initial compaction, as soil resistance did not significantly increase in uncompacted soil. While increased soil resistance caused cultivar-dependent restriction of root density of young plants that was consistent with cultivar variation in yield, tuber growth likely caused cultivar-dependent increases in soil resistance in field trials, which may have further limited Inca Bella yield.
由于马铃薯田的土壤压实会延迟芽的出现并降低总产量，因此需要更好地了解这种压实的原因和影响。在一项针对幼龄（块茎形成前）植株的受控环境试验中，Inca Bella品种（一个组别品种）的根系比Maris Piper品种（一个组别品种）对土壤阻力增加（3.0兆帕）更为敏感。据推测，这种差异导致了两项田间试验中的产量差异，这两项试验在块茎种植后进行了压实处理。试验1将初始土壤阻力从0.15兆帕提高到0.3兆帕。到生长季节结束时，土壤上层20厘米处的土壤阻力增加了两倍，但Maris Piper地块的阻力高达Inca Bella地块的两倍。Maris Piper的产量比Inca Bella高60%，且与土壤压实处理无关，而压实土壤使Inca Bella的产量降低了30%。试验2将初始土壤阻力从0.2兆帕提高到1.0兆帕。压实处理中的土壤阻力增加到与试验1中类似的、取决于品种的阻力水平。Maris Piper的产量比Inca Bella高12%，但未出现品种对压实土壤产量反应的差异。测量了土壤含水量、根系生长和块茎生长，以确定这些因素是否可以解释品种在土壤阻力方面的差异。品种间的土壤含水量相似，因此不会导致品种间土壤阻力的变化。根系密度不足以导致观察到的土壤阻力增加。最后，品种间的土壤阻力差异在块茎形成期间变得显著，并在收获前变得更加明显。Maris Piper块茎生物量体积（产量）的增加比Inca Bella更多地增加了估计的平均土壤密度（从而增加了土壤阻力）。这种增加似乎取决于初始压实，因为在未压实的土壤中土壤阻力没有显著增加。虽然土壤阻力增加导致了幼龄植株根系密度的品种依赖性限制，这与产量的品种差异一致，但在田间试验中，块茎生长可能导致了品种依赖性的土壤阻力增加，这可能进一步限制了Inca Bella的产量。
