Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Jul 4;57(26):9639-9652. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08006. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
The energy supply chains operating beyond a region's jurisdiction can exert pressure on the availability of water resources in the local area. In China, however, there is a lack of transboundary assessments that investigate the effects of energy consumption on water stress within and across river basins. In this study, we therefore investigate transboundary impacts on scarce water resources that are induced by energy demands (i.e., electricity, petroleum, coal mining, oil and gas extraction, and gas production). We develop a bottom-up high spatial resolution water inventory and link it to a 2017 multiregional input-output (MRIO) table of China to analyze supply chain scarce water use at provincial and river basin levels. We find that the energy-driven water footprint accounts for 21.6% of national water usage, of which 35.7% is scarce water. Nonelectric power energy sectors contribute to around half of the nation's scarce water transfer. We identify three sets of catchments whose water resources are stressed by energy demand, i.e., (a) from the northern Hai River Basin to the eastern part of the Yellow River Basin and the Huai River Basin, (b) the northern area of the Northwest Rivers, and (c) the developed coastal city clusters in the Yangtze River Basin and the Pearl River Basin. We then evaluate the impacts of eight mitigation options, which may potentially shift around half of the moderate- or high-stress areas in the Hai River Basin and the Northwest Rivers to low to moderate (or even low) stress. We highlight the need for transboundary collaboration to sustain water-constrained energy demand and to develop targeted measures to mitigate stress on water resources within a river basin.
超越地区管辖范围的能源供应链可能会对当地水资源的供应造成压力。然而，中国缺乏跨境评估，以调查能源消耗对流域内和跨流域水资源压力的影响。因此，在这项研究中，我们调查了由能源需求（即电力、石油、煤炭开采、石油和天然气开采以及天然气生产）引起的对稀缺水资源的跨境影响。我们开发了一个自下而上的高空间分辨率水资源清单，并将其与 2017 年中国多区域投入产出（MRIO）表联系起来，以分析省级和流域级供应链稀缺水资源利用情况。我们发现，能源驱动的水资源足迹占全国用水量的 21.6%，其中 35.7%是稀缺水。非电力能源部门对全国稀缺水资源转移贡献了约一半。我们确定了三组流域，其水资源受到能源需求的压力，即：（a）从海河流域北部到黄河流域东部和淮河流域；（b）西北河流北部地区；（c）长江流域和珠江流域发达的沿海城市群。然后，我们评估了八种缓解方案的影响，这些方案可能会将海河和西北河流流域一半左右的中高压力地区转移到低中（甚至低）压力地区。我们强调需要开展跨境合作，以维持受水资源约束的能源需求，并制定有针对性的措施，以减轻流域内水资源的压力。
