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生物分子凝聚物——现存的遗迹还是进化中的微型隔室?

Biomolecular condensates - extant relics or evolving microcompartments?

机构信息

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39402, USA.

出版信息

Commun Biol. 2023 Jun 21;6(1):656. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-04963-3.

Abstract

Unprecedented discoveries during the past decade have unearthed the ubiquitous presence of biomolecular condensates (BCs) in diverse organisms and their involvement in a plethora of biological functions. A predominant number of BCs involve coacervation of RNA and proteins that demix from homogenous solutions by a process of phase separation well described by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which results in a phase with higher concentration and density from the bulk solution. BCs provide a simple and effective means to achieve reversible spatiotemporal control of cellular processes and adaptation to environmental stimuli in an energy-independent manner. The journey into the past of this phenomenon provides clues to the evolutionary origins of life itself. Here I assemble some current and historic discoveries on LLPS to contemplate whether BCs are extant biological hubs or evolving microcompartments. I conclude that BCs in biology could be extant as a phenomenon but are co-evolving as functionally and compositionally complex microcompartments in cells alongside the membrane-bound organelles.

摘要

在过去的十年中,前所未有的发现揭示了生物分子凝聚物 (BC) 在多种生物体中的普遍存在及其在众多生物学功能中的参与。大多数 BC 涉及 RNA 和蛋白质的凝聚,这些物质通过相分离过程从均匀溶液中分离出来,相分离过程很好地描述为液-液相分离 (LLPS),导致相具有更高的浓度和密度从主体溶液。BC 提供了一种简单有效的方法,可以实现细胞过程的可逆时空控制,并以能量独立的方式适应环境刺激。对这一现象的过去的探索提供了线索,揭示了生命本身的进化起源。在这里,我汇集了一些关于 LLPS 的当前和历史发现,思考 BC 是现存的生物枢纽还是正在进化的微区室。我的结论是,BC 在生物学中可能是一种存在的现象,但与膜结合细胞器一起,作为具有功能和组成复杂性的微区室在细胞中共同进化。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5e08/10284869/d03aaed9e0d9/42003_2023_4963_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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