Sex-Specific Associations of and Variants with Risk of Multiple Primary Melanomas and Melanoma Survival in Non-Hispanic Whites.

-SNP309 (rs2279744), a common genetic modifier of cancer incidence in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, modifies risk, age of onset, or prognosis in a variety of cancers. Melanoma incidence and outcomes vary by sex, and although SNP309 exerts an effect on the estrogen receptor, no consensus exists on its effect on melanoma. MDM2 and MDM4 restrain p53-mediated tumor suppression, independently or together. We investigated SNP309, an -rs4245739, and two coinherited variants, in a population-based cohort of 3663 primary incident melanomas. Per-allele and per-haplotype (MDM2_SNP309-SNP285; MDM4_rs4245739-rs1563828) odds ratios (OR) for multiple-melanoma were estimated with logistic regression models. Hazard ratios (HR) for melanoma death were estimated with Cox proportional hazards models. In analyses adjusted for covariates, females carrying -rs4245739C were more likely to develop multiple melanomas (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.51, and P = 0.03), while -rs2279744G was inversely associated with melanoma-death (HR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.42-0.95, and P = 0.03). We identified 16 coinherited expression quantitative loci that control the expression of , , and other genes in the skin, brain, and lungs. Our results suggest that variants are associated with the development of subsequent primaries and with the death of melanoma in a sex-dependent manner. Further investigations of the complex / motif, and its contribution to the tumor microenvironment and observed associations, are warranted.