Department of GIS, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Doğuş Cad. 207/A Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi, Buca, Izmir, 35390, Turkey.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jun 22;195(7):868. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11480-7.
The recent dynamics of terrestrial water storage (TWS) and groundwater storage (GWS) fluctuations were investigated based on the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations over 25 basins of Türkiye. Coarse-resolution GRACE estimates were downscaled based on the Random Forest algorithm. The impacts of precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) on the variations of water storage were also assessed. The findings demonstrated good performance for the RF model in simulating finer resolution estimates of TWS. The results indicated a diminishing trend of TWS and its hydrologic components over all the basins from 2003 to 2020. The Doğu Akdeniz Basin with the annually decreasing TWS and GWS of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was the most critical basin of Türkiye. The least storage loss was observed in the Batı Karadeniz Basin with the annual TWS and GWS loss of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Based on the results, Türkiye has lost, on average, an estimated [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of its TWS and GWS, respectively, which are equivalent to the total storage loss of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of TWS and GWS during the last 18 years. The results also indicated that P and ET interact differently with the variations of TWS and GWS. The net water flux was revealed to be partially correlated with the total water storage fluctuations, suggesting the governing role of other deriving forces particularly the anthropogenic factors in the spatiotemporal variations of Türkiye's water storage; therefore, a sector-specific analysis of the water storage variations is crucial for the country, particularly by concentrating more on the dynamics of GWS.
基于对土耳其 25 个流域的重力恢复与气候实验 (GRACE) 观测数据，研究了陆地水储量 (TWS) 和地下水储量 (GWS) 波动的近期动态。基于随机森林算法对粗分辨率的 GRACE 估算值进行了下采样。还评估了降水 (P) 和蒸散 (ET) 对水储量变化的影响。研究结果表明，随机森林模型在模拟 TWS 更精细分辨率估算方面表现良好。结果表明，所有流域的 TWS 及其水文分量从 2003 年到 2020 年都呈减少趋势。东地中海流域的 TWS 和 GWS 年减少量分别为 [Formula: see text] 和 [Formula: see text]，是土耳其最关键的流域。巴西北部流域的存储损失最小，其年 TWS 和 GWS 损失分别为 [Formula: see text] 和 [Formula: see text]。根据结果，土耳其分别平均损失了约 [Formula: see text]和 [Formula: see text]的 TWS 和 GWS，这相当于过去 18 年 TWS 和 GWS 总存储损失的 [Formula: see text]和 [Formula: see text]。结果还表明，P 和 ET 与 TWS 和 GWS 的变化相互作用不同。净水流通量与总储水波动部分相关，这表明其他派生力特别是人为因素在土耳其储水的时空变化中起主导作用；因此，对该国的储水变化进行特定部门的分析至关重要，特别是要更加关注 GWS 的动态。
