Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Biological Sciences and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 15;344:118386. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118386. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
Global production of plastics has increased dramatically in recent decades and is considered a major threat to marine life and human health due to their stability, persistence, and potential to move through food chains. The study was conducted to detect, identify and quantify microplastics (MP) in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) of some commercial fish species in the North Persian Gulf in Bushehr Province: Psettodes erumei, Sphyraena jello, Sillago sihama, Metapenaeus affinis and Portunus segnis. A total of 216 plastic particles were collected from 102 individuals (72.68% of all sampled individuals; MP prevalence of 85.1% for M. affinis, 80% for P. segnis, 70% for P.erumei, 60.3% for S.sihama, 45.2% for S.jello). The average number of microplastics per organism was 2.26 ± 0.38 MP/ind (considering only species that ingested plastic, n = 102) and 1.51 ± 0.40 pieces/ind (considering all species studied, n = 140). Microfibers accounted for 58.49% of the total microplastics, followed by fragments (33.02%) and pellets (8.49%). The most common color of microplastic was black (52.83%), followed by blue (22.64%) and transparent (15.09%). The length of microplastic ranged from 100 to 5000 μm with an average of 854 ± 312 μm. Microplastics were significantly (p < 0.05) abundant in two shrimp studied: M. affinis and P. segnis (plastic in 80% of individuals studied) and to a lesser extent in the pelagic barracuda fish S. jello (plastic in 45% of individuals studied). The main synthetic polymers identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were polyethylene (38%), polypropylene (24%), polystyrene (17%), polyethylene terephthalate (11%) and polyamide (10%). The pollutant load index and lifetime accumulation index were calculated to identify the most polluted species and their toxicity to human health. The white shrimp M. affinis was identified as the most polluted and toxic species for MP based on PLI. The present study can provide valuable data for further research and a background for the control and monitoring of this pollutant in the coastal environment of Bushehr province.
全球塑料产量在近几十年内大幅增加，由于其稳定性、持久性和在食物链中迁移的潜力，被认为对海洋生物和人类健康构成重大威胁。本研究旨在检测、识别和量化北波斯湾布什尔省一些商业鱼类物种（Psettodes erumei、Sphyraena jello、Sillago sihama、Metapenaeus affinis 和 Portunus segnis）的胃肠道（GI）中的微塑料（MP）。从 102 个个体中收集了 216 个塑料颗粒（所有采样个体的 72.68%；M. affinis 的 MP 患病率为 85.1%，P. segnis 为 80%，P. erumei 为 70%，S. sihama 为 60.3%，S. jello 为 45.2%）。每个生物体的平均微塑料数量为 2.26±0.38 MP/ind（仅考虑摄入塑料的物种，n=102）和 1.51±0.40 个/ind（考虑所有研究的物种，n=140）。微纤维占总微塑料的 58.49%，其次是碎片（33.02%）和颗粒（8.49%）。微塑料最常见的颜色是黑色（52.83%），其次是蓝色（22.64%）和透明色（15.09%）。微塑料的长度范围为 100 至 5000μm，平均为 854±312μm。微塑料在两种研究虾类中明显丰富（个体中 80%含有塑料）：M. affinis 和 P. segnis，而在洄游性梭鱼 S. jello 中则相对较少（个体中 45%含有塑料）。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）鉴定的主要合成聚合物为聚乙烯（38%）、聚丙烯（24%）、聚苯乙烯（17%）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（11%）和聚酰胺（10%）。根据污染物负荷指数（PLI）和终身累积指数（LAI）计算，确定了最受污染的物种及其对人类健康的毒性。根据 PLI，白虾 M. affinis 被确定为受 MP 污染最严重和毒性最大的物种。本研究可为进一步研究提供有价值的数据，并为布什尔省沿海环境中这种污染物的控制和监测提供背景。
