Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 53100, Rize, Türkiye.
Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 53100, Rize, Türkiye.
Chemosphere. 2023 May;324:138317. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138317. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Occurrence of micro- (<5 mm) and mesoplastics (5-25 mm) in twelve fish species caught off Gulf of İzmit in the Sea of Marmara was investigated. Plastics were found in the gastrointestinal tracks of all the analysed species: Trachurus mediterraneus, Chelon auratus, Merlangius merlangus, Mullus barbatus, Symphodus cinereus, Gobius niger, Chelidonichthys lastoviza, Chelidonichthys lucerna, Trachinus draco, Scorpaena porcus, Scorpaena porcus, Pegusa lascaris, Platichthys flesus. From a total of 374 individuals examined plastics were found in 147 individuals (39%). The average plastic ingestion was 1.14 ± 1.03 MP. fish (considering all the analysed fish) and 1.77 ± 0.95 MP. fish (considering only the fish with plastic). Fibres were the primary plastic types found in GITs (74%), followed by films (18%) and fragments (7%), no foams and microbeads were found. A total of ten different colours of plastics were found with blue (62%) being the most common colour. Length of plastics ranged from 0.13 to 11.76 mm with an average of 1.82 ± 1.59 mm. A total of 95.5% of plastics were microplastics, and 4.5% as mesoplastics. The mean frequency of plastic occurrence was higher in pelagic fish species (42%), followed by demersal (38%) and bentho-pelagic species (10%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that 75% of polymers were synthetic with polyethylene terephthalate being the most common polymer. Our results indicated that carnivore species with a preference for fish and decapods were the highest impacted trophic group in the area. Fish species in the Gulf of İzmit are contaminated with plastics, representing a potential risk to ecosystem and human health. Further research is needed to understand the effects of plastic ingestion on biota and possible pathways. Results of this study also provide baseline data for the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 10 in the Sea of Marmara.
在马尔马拉海伊兹密特湾捕获的 12 种鱼类中，研究了微塑料（<5 毫米）和中塑料（5-25 毫米）的出现情况。在所有分析的物种的胃肠道中都发现了塑料：地中海鲷、绿鳍鱼、牙鳕、多宝鱼、灰鲷、黑头鱼、黑鲷、真鲷、龙纹斑、赤魟、石斑鱼、栉孔扇贝、欧氏尖吻鲈、欧氏鲈。在总共检查的 374 个个体中，有 147 个个体（39%）发现了塑料。考虑到所有分析的鱼类，鱼类平均摄入塑料 1.14±1.03MP.（1.77±0.95MP. 仅考虑有塑料的鱼类）。胃肠道中发现的主要塑料类型是纤维（74%），其次是薄膜（18%）和碎片（7%），未发现泡沫和微珠。总共发现十种不同颜色的塑料，其中蓝色（62%）最为常见。塑料的长度范围从 0.13 到 11.76 毫米，平均为 1.82±1.59 毫米。总共有 95.5%的塑料是微塑料，4.5%是中塑料。浮游鱼类的塑料出现频率较高（42%），其次是底层鱼类（38%）和底栖-浮游鱼类（10%）。傅里叶变换红外光谱证实，75%的聚合物是合成的，其中最常见的聚合物是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。我们的结果表明，该地区受影响最大的营养级是偏好鱼类和十足目甲壳类动物的肉食性物种。伊兹密特湾的鱼类受到塑料污染，这对生态系统和人类健康构成了潜在威胁。需要进一步研究了解塑料摄入对生物群的影响和可能的途径。本研究的结果还为在马尔马拉海实施海洋战略框架指令描述符 10 提供了基线数据。
