United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
J Nutr. 2023 Aug;153(8):2163-2173. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.025. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
Lactase persistence (LP) is a heritable trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood. Lactase nonpersistent (LNP) individuals who consume lactose may experience microbial adaptations in response to undigested lactose.
The objective of the study was to estimate lactose from foods reported in the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) and determine the interaction between lactose consumption, LP genotype, and gut microbiome in an observational cross-sectional study of healthy adults in the United States (US).
Average daily lactose consumption was estimated for 279 healthy US adults, genotyped for the lactase gene -13910G>A polymorphism (rs4988235) by matching ASA24-reported foods to foods in the Nutrition Coordinating Center Food and Nutrient Database. Analysis of covariance was used to identify whether the A genotype (LP) influenced lactose and total dairy consumption, with total energy intake and weight as covariates. The 16S rRNA V4/V5 region, amplified from bacterial DNA extracted from each frozen stool sample, was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq (300 bp paired-end) and analyzed using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME)2 (version 2019.10). Differential abundances of bacterial taxa were analyzed using DESeq2 likelihood ratio tests.
Across a diverse set of ethnicities, LP subjects consumed more lactose than LNP subjects. Lactobacillaceae abundance was highest in LNP subjects who consumed more than 12.46 g/d (upper tercile). Within Caucasians and Hispanics, family Lachnospiraceae was significantly enriched in the gut microbiota of LNP individuals consuming the upper tercile of lactose across both sexes.
Elevated lactose consumption in individuals with the LNP genotype is associated with increased abundance of family Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospriaceae, taxa that contain multiple genera capable of utilizing lactose. This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02367287.
乳糖持续存在（LP）是一种遗传性特征，在此特征中，乳糖可以在整个成年期被消化。乳糖不耐受（LNP）个体在食用乳糖时可能会出现微生物适应性，以应对未消化的乳糖。
本研究的目的是估计自动自我管理 24 小时膳食评估工具（ASA24）中报告的食物中的乳糖，并确定乳糖消耗、LP 基因型和肠道微生物组之间的相互作用，这是对美国健康成年人的观察性横断面研究。
对 279 名美国健康成年人的平均每日乳糖消耗进行了估计，通过将 ASA24 报告的食物与营养协调中心食品和营养数据库中的食物相匹配，对乳糖基因-13910G>A 多态性（rs4988235）进行了基因分型。协方差分析用于确定 A 基因型（LP）是否会影响乳糖和总乳制品的消耗，以总能量摄入和体重为协变量。从每个冷冻粪便样本中提取的细菌 DNA 扩增 16S rRNA V4/V5 区，使用 Illumina MiSeq（300bp 配对端）进行测序，并使用定量微生物生态分析（QIIME）2（版本 2019.10）进行分析。使用 DESeq2 似然比检验分析细菌分类群的差异丰度。
在不同种族的人群中，LP 受试者的乳糖消耗量高于 LNP 受试者。在乳糖消耗超过 12.46g/d（上三分之一）的 LNP 受试者中，乳杆菌科的丰度最高。在白人和西班牙裔中，无论性别如何，在乳糖消耗处于上三分之一的 LNP 个体的肠道微生物群中，lachnospiraceae 家族都显著富集。
LNP 基因型个体中乳糖消耗的增加与乳杆菌科和lachnospriaceae 家族丰度的增加有关，这些科包含多个能够利用乳糖的属。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT02367287。
