LncDGAT2 is a novel positive regulator of the goat adipocyte thermogenic gene program.

Brown and beige adipose thermogenesis are important for newborn mammals to maintain their body temperature. In addition, these thermogenic fats are regulated by multiple molecular interactions. How the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate adipose thermogenesis in newborn mammals upon cold exposure remains unexplored. Here, we identified lncRNAs induced by cold exposure in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of newborn goats and found that lncDGAT2 was enriched in BAT after cold exposure. Functional studies revealed that lncDGAT2 promoted brown and white adipocyte differentiation as well as thermogenic gene expression. Additionally, PRDM4 directly bound the lncDGAT2 promoter to activate the transcription of lncDGAT2 and the PRDM4-lncDGAT2 axis was essential for the brown adipocyte thermogenic gene program. These findings provide evidence for lncRNA and transcription factor regulatory functions in controlling adipose thermogenesis and energy metabolism of newborn goats.