School of Petroleum and Environment Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
School of Petroleum and Environment Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, 716000, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Sep;336:139319. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139319. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
Toxic metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) that lead to many visceral organ and nervous system diseases have attracted global attention due to their gradual accumulation in human bodies. The tolerance levels of exposure to toxic metals among race/ethnic groups are different due to the variance of sociodemographic, dietary, and behavioral characteristics. Few studies focused on investigating the biomarker levels of toxic metals in different race/ethnic groups and the potential mechanisms for controlling the accumulation in human bodies. Therefore, we selected eight biomarkers for four toxic metals from the National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) in the 2-year data cycle of 2015-2016 to reveal the accumulation levels in different races. According to the NHANES rules, we applied probability sampling weights. The geometric mean levels of these biomarkers were calculated in all five race/ethnic groups (Mexican American, white, black, Asian, and other Hispanic) and two Asian subgroups (U.S.-born Asian, and other-born Asian), and compared with each other. The results showed that all the biomarkers in other-born Asians were 1.1-6.7 times in blood and 1.1-3.6 times in urine higher than other race/ethnic groups. Except Hg and As, the lowest biomarker levels were recorded in U.S.-born Asians, only 0.6-0.9 times of lead and 0.3-0.8 times of cadmium than other race/ethnic groups. Furthermore, the major factors of higher Hg and As biomarker levels in Asians were dietary intake of seafood and rice, indicating different accumulation mechanisms among Asians and other race/ethnic groups, especially for U.S.-born Asians. These findings provided new insight into a deeper understanding the accumulation of toxic metals and human health.
有毒金属如铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）和砷（As）由于在人体中的逐渐积累，导致许多内脏器官和神经系统疾病，引起了全球关注。由于社会人口统计学、饮食和行为特征的差异，不同种族/族裔群体对有毒金属暴露的耐受水平不同。很少有研究关注不同种族/族裔群体中有毒金属生物标志物水平及其控制人体积累的潜在机制。因此，我们从 2015-2016 年的两年数据周期的国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）中选择了四种有毒金属的八种生物标志物，以揭示不同种族的积累水平。根据 NHANES 规则，我们应用了概率抽样权重。计算了所有五个种族/族裔群体（墨西哥裔美国人、白人、黑人、亚洲人和其他西班牙裔人）和两个亚裔亚组（美国出生的亚洲人和其他出生的亚洲人）中所有这些生物标志物的几何均数水平，并进行了相互比较。结果表明，所有其他出生的亚洲人的血液生物标志物水平均高于其他种族/族裔群体 1.1-6.7 倍，尿液生物标志物水平高 1.1-3.6 倍。除 Hg 和 As 外，美国出生的亚洲人记录的生物标志物水平最低，只有其他种族/族裔群体 Pb 的 0.6-0.9 倍和 Cd 的 0.3-0.8 倍。此外，亚洲人 Hg 和 As 生物标志物水平较高的主要因素是海鲜和大米的饮食摄入，表明亚洲人与其他种族/族裔群体之间的积累机制不同，尤其是美国出生的亚洲人。这些发现为深入了解有毒金属的积累和人类健康提供了新的见解。
