特定膳食不饱和脂肪酸与超重/肥胖风险的关联：基于人群的队列研究

Associations of specific dietary unsaturated fatty acids with risk of overweight/obesity: population-based cohort study.

作者信息

Chen Weiming, Ao Yang, Lan Xiaochun, Tong Wenzhou, Liu Xiaohui, Zhang Xia, Ye Qiang, Li Yin, Liu Linfen, Ye Hao, Zhuang Pan, Zhang Yu, Zheng Weifang, Jiao Jingjing

机构信息

Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.

Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

出版信息

Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 8;10:1150709. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150709. eCollection 2023.

DOI:10.3389/fnut.2023.1150709

PMID:37360299

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10285060/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The role of specific unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the development of overweight/obesity remains unclear in the general population. Here, we aimed to explore the associations of different types of unsaturated FAs with overweight/obesity risk among the Chinese population.

METHODS

Eight thousand seven hundred forty-two subjects free of overweight/obesity at entry in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were followed up until 2015. Dietary unsaturated FAs were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls with a weighing method in each wave. Cox regression models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight/obesity risk associated with unsaturated FAs.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 7 years, 2,753 subjects (1,350 males and 1,403 females) developed overweight/obesity. Consuming more monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest quartile: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.96; -trend = 0.010). Similar inverse associations were observed for plant-MUFAs (HR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94; -trend = 0.003) and animal-MUFAs (HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.94; -trend = 0.004), total dietary oleic acid (OA) (HR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55-0.79; -trend <0.001), plant-OA (HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64-0.83; -trend <0.001) and animal-OA (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.84; -trend <0.001). In addition, the intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (HR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.42; -trend = 0.017) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (HR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39; -trend = 0.039) but not marine n-3 PUFAs were positively linked to overweight/obesity risk. Consumption of n-6 PUFAs (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99-1.28; -trend = 0.014) and linoleic acid (LA) (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.98-1.26; -trend = 0.020) had marginal and positive relationships with the incidence of overweight/obesity. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratio ranging from 5.7 to 12.6 was related to higher risk of overweight/obesity.

CONCLUSION

Higher dietary intake of MUFAs was associated with lower overweight/obesity risk, which was mainly driven by dietary OA from either plant or animal sources. Intakes of ALA, n-6 PUFAs and LA were related to higher risk of overweight/obesity. These results support consuming more MUFAs for maintaining a healthy body weight among the Chinese population.

摘要

背景

在普通人群中，特定不饱和脂肪酸（FAs）在超重/肥胖发展过程中的作用仍不明确。在此，我们旨在探讨中国人群中不同类型不饱和脂肪酸与超重/肥胖风险之间的关联。

方法

在中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）中，对8742名入组时无超重/肥胖的受试者进行随访至2015年。每一轮均采用称重法通过3天24小时回顾法评估膳食不饱和脂肪酸。使用Cox回归模型获得与不饱和脂肪酸相关的超重/肥胖风险的风险比（HRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。

结果

在中位随访7年期间，2753名受试者（1350名男性和1403名女性）出现超重/肥胖。摄入更多的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）与较低的超重/肥胖风险相关（最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比：HR 0.80，95%CI 0.67 - 0.96；-趋势 = 0.010）。对于植物来源的MUFAs（HR 0.83，95%CI：0.73 - 0.94；-趋势 = 0.003）和动物来源的MUFAs（HR 0.77，95%CI：0.64 - 0.94；-趋势 = 0.004）、膳食总油酸（OA）（HR 0.66，95%CI：0.55 - 0.79；-趋势 <0.001）、植物来源的OA（HR 0.73，95%CI：0.64 - 0.83；-趋势 <0.001）和动物来源的OA（HR 0.68，95%CI：0.55 - 0.84；-趋势 <0.001），观察到类似的负相关。此外，n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）（HR 1.24，95%CI：1.09 - 1.42；-趋势 = 0.017）和α-亚麻酸（ALA）（HR 1.22，95%CI：1.07 - 1.39；-趋势 = 0.039）的摄入量，但不包括海洋来源的n - 3 PUFAs，与超重/肥胖风险呈正相关。摄入n - 6 PUFAs（HR 1.13，95%CI：0.99 - 1.28；-趋势 = 0.014）和亚油酸（LA）（HR 1.11，95%CI：0.98 - 1.26；-趋势 = 0.020）与超重/肥胖的发生率呈边缘正相关。n - 6/n - 3 PUFA比值在5.7至12.6之间与较高的超重/肥胖风险相关。