Foss Frida, Gibbes Cerian, Skop Emily
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, CO 80906 USA.
J Int Migr Integr. 2023 Jun 7:1-22. doi: 10.1007/s12134-023-01059-z.
This paper inventories the number, type, location, and characteristics of refugee resettlement agencies and refugee third sector organizations (RTSOs) in creating opportunities for placemaking and longer-term integration via refugee-centered farming programs in the USA. Using an ArcGIS StoryMap and accompanying database, we map how resettlement organizations engage in farming programs and provide insight into the various actors implementing refugee resettlement and integration policy in the USA, while also highlighting the role of place and placemaking in that process. Findings indicate that there are 40 total organizations involved in 30 states, with 100 farm sites scattered across 48 cities, primarily found in nontraditional sites of resettlement. Using Ager and Strang's (, 21(2):166-191, 2008) integration model as a theoretical starting point, we use a two-cycle content analysis to illustrate that organizations have diverse goals focusing on employment, social connections, health, safety and security, and placemaking. Sponsored activities and community projects concentrate on workforce training and community-supported agriculture. This interactive visualization and analysis of existing programs nationwide allow the organizations involved, policymakers, scholars, and members of the public to explore the locations of programs with pertinent information about each organization. The research also illustrates that refugee-centered farming organizations should continue to emphasize their efforts on placemaking as a beneficial strategy for the longer-term integration of resettled refugees. Additionally, this research contributes to larger debates and theoretical understandings of longer-term integration by extending Ager and Strang's (, 21(2):166-191, 2008) integration model and embedding place and placemaking as underpinning elements in the process.
本文盘点了美国难民安置机构和难民第三部门组织（RTSO）的数量、类型、位置及特点，这些机构通过以难民为中心的农业项目，为场所营造和长期融合创造机会。利用ArcGIS StoryMap和配套数据库，我们绘制了安置组织参与农业项目的情况，深入了解了在美国实施难民安置和融合政策的各类行为主体，同时突出了场所及场所营造在这一过程中的作用。研究结果表明，共有40个组织参与其中，分布在30个州，100个农场地点散布在48个城市，主要位于非传统安置地点。以阿格和斯特朗（《民族与移民研究杂志》，21(2):166 - 191，2008）的融合模型为理论起点，我们采用两阶段内容分析法，以说明各组织有着多样化的目标，涵盖就业、社会联系、健康、安全保障及场所营造。赞助活动和社区项目集中在劳动力培训和社区支持农业方面。这种对全国现有项目的交互式可视化和分析，让相关组织、政策制定者、学者和公众能够通过各组织的相关信息来探索项目地点。研究还表明，以难民为中心的农业组织应继续将场所营造作为重新安置难民长期融合的有益策略加以强调。此外，本研究通过扩展阿格和斯特朗（《民族与移民研究杂志》，21(2):166 - 191，2008）的融合模型，并将场所及场所营造作为这一过程的支撑要素，为关于长期融合的更大范围辩论和理论理解做出了贡献。
