de Lima Nathália Xavier, da Silva Ricardo Costa, Vieira Flaviana Vely Mendonça, Guimarães Janaína Valadares, de Matos Marcos André, Cavalcante Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2024;39(2):170-177. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000978. Epub 2023 Jun 26.
Self-care is essential for minimizing the long-term progression of hypertension (HTN) and improving global health outcomes. However, little is known about the predictors of HTN self-care among adults with HTN in Brazil.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-care practices and the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors of adults with HTN in Brazil.
This was a cross-sectional study conducted by telephone with 120 adults with HTN monitored in a specialized outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected by a questionnaire survey. Self-care was assessed by the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory version 2. Multiple regression and Kendall's correlation analyses were performed to determine possible predictors.
Low levels of self-care were observed across maintenance, management, and confidence measures. A weak correlation was observed between self-care maintenance and education (-0.13), the time of diagnosis (0.16), and the number of medications (0.15); self-care management and family income (0.13) and cognitive function (0.17); and self-care confidence and systolic (-0.15) and diastolic (-0.18) blood pressure values and time of diagnosis (0.16). In multiple regression analysis, self-care confidence was a predictor of self-care maintenance ( β = 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.36) and management ( β = 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.46).
Confidence was essential in the maintenance and management of self-care and is central to the control of HTN. Self-care interventions must consider the different aspects that may affect self-care, highlighting improving self-care confidence as a main goal.
自我护理对于将高血压（HTN）的长期进展降至最低并改善整体健康状况至关重要。然而，在巴西患有高血压的成年人中，关于高血压自我护理的预测因素知之甚少。
本研究的目的是评估巴西患有高血压的成年人的自我护理实践以及社会人口统计学和临床因素之间的关联。
这是一项通过电话进行的横断面研究，研究对象为在一家教学医院的专科门诊接受监测的120名患有高血压的成年人。通过问卷调查收集社会人口统计学和临床信息。使用高血压自我护理量表第2版评估自我护理情况。进行多元回归分析和肯德尔相关性分析以确定可能的预测因素。
在维持、管理和信心方面均观察到自我护理水平较低。自我护理维持与教育程度（-0.13）、诊断时间（0.16）和药物数量（0.15）之间存在弱相关性；自我护理管理与家庭收入（0.13）和认知功能（0.17）之间存在弱相关性；自我护理信心与收缩压（-0.15）、舒张压（-0.18）血压值以及诊断时间（0.16）之间存在弱相关性。在多元回归分析中，自我护理信心是自我护理维持（β = 0.30；95%置信区间，0.10 - 0.36）和管理（β = 0.20；95%置信区间，0.03 - 0.46）的预测因素。
信心对于自我护理的维持和管理至关重要，并且是控制高血压的核心。自我护理干预必须考虑可能影响自我护理的不同方面，将提高自我护理信心作为主要目标加以强调。
