Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, Bellaterra, Spain.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(29):10643-10667. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227261. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
Usually found bound to other complex molecules (e.g., lignin, hemicellulose), phenolic compounds (PC) are widely present in agro-industrial by-products, and their extraction is challenging. In recent times, research is starting to highlight the bioactive roles played by bound phenolics (BPC) in human health. This review aims at providing a critical update on recent advances in green techniques for the recovery of BPC, focusing on enzymatic-assisted (EAE) and fermentation-assisted extraction (FAE) as well as in the combination of technologies, showing variable yield and features. The present review also summarizes the most recent biological activities attributed to BPC extracts until now. The higher antioxidant activity of BPC-compared to FPC-coupled with their affordable by-product source make them medicinally potent and economically viable, promoting their integral upcycling and generating new revenue streams, business, and employment opportunities. In addition, EAE and FAE can have a biotransformative effect on the PC itself or its moiety, leading to improved extraction outcomes. Moreover, recent research on BPC extracts has reported promising anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activity. Yet further research is needed to elucidate their biological mechanisms and exploit the true potential of their applications in terms of new food products or ingredient development for human consumption.
通常与其他复杂分子（如木质素、半纤维素）结合存在于农业工业副产物中的酚类化合物（PC），其提取具有挑战性。最近，研究开始强调结合酚类物质（BPC）在人类健康中发挥的生物活性作用。本综述旨在对 BPC 绿色提取技术的最新进展进行批判性评估，重点关注酶辅助（EAE）和发酵辅助提取（FAE）以及技术组合，展示了不同的产率和特点。本综述还总结了迄今为止 BPC 提取物的最新生物活性。BPC 比 FPC 具有更高的抗氧化活性，再加上其来源是负担得起的副产物，这使得它们在医学上具有强大的功效和经济上的可行性，促进了它们的整体升级利用，并创造了新的收入流、商业和就业机会。此外，EAE 和 FAE 可以对 PC 本身或其部分进行生物转化，从而改善提取效果。此外，最近关于 BPC 提取物的研究报道了其具有有希望的抗癌和抗糖尿病活性。然而，仍需要进一步的研究来阐明其生物机制，并充分利用其在新型食品产品或人类消费用成分开发方面的应用潜力。
