Tang Jiao, Ji Congcong, Shi Wei, Su Songkun, Xue Yunbo, Xu Jinshan, Chen Xiao, Zhao Yazhou, Chen Chao
State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Insects. 2023 Jun 14;14(6):554. doi: 10.3390/insects14060554.
There is growing concern that massive loss of honey bees can cause serious negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystems. Surveys of colony losses have been performed worldwide to monitor the dynamic changes and health status of honey bee colonies. Here, we present the results of surveys regarding winter colony losses from 21 provinces in China from 2009 to 2021, with a total of 1,744,324 colonies managed by 13,704 beekeepers. The total colony losses were low (9.84%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 9.60-10.08%) but varied among years, provinces, and scales of apiaries. As little is known about the overwintering mortality of , in this study, we surveyed and compared the loss rates between and in China. We found colonies of suffered significantly lower losses than in China. Larger apiaries resulted in higher losses in , whereas the opposite was observed in . Furthermore, we used generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) to evaluate the effects of potential risk factors on winter colony losses and found that the operation size, species, migration, migration×species interaction, and queen problems were significantly related to the loss rates. New queens can increase their colony overwintering survival. Migratory beekeepers and large operations reported lower loss rates.
人们越来越担心蜜蜂的大量损失会对生物多样性和生态系统造成严重负面影响。世界各地都在进行蜂群损失调查，以监测蜜蜂蜂群的动态变化和健康状况。在此，我们展示了2009年至2021年中国21个省份冬季蜂群损失的调查结果，共有13704名养蜂人管理着1744324个蜂群。蜂群总损失率较低（9.84%；95%置信区间（CI）：9.60 - 10.08%），但因年份、省份和蜂场规模而异。由于对[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]的越冬死亡率了解甚少，在本研究中，我们调查并比较了中国[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]和[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]之间的损失率。我们发现，在中国，[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]蜂群的损失明显低于[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]蜂群。较大的蜂场导致[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]的损失更高，而在[此处原文缺失相关蜜蜂品种名称]中则观察到相反的情况。此外，我们使用广义线性混合效应模型（GLMMs）来评估潜在风险因素对冬季蜂群损失的影响，发现经营规模、品种、迁徙、迁徙×品种相互作用以及蜂王问题与损失率显著相关。新蜂王可以提高其蜂群的越冬存活率。流动养蜂人和大型经营单位报告的损失率较低。
