A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia.
Mar Drugs. 2023 May 30;21(6):335. doi: 10.3390/md21060335.
Coral reefs are the most biodiversity-rich ecosystems in the world's oceans. Coral establishes complex interactions with various microorganisms that constitute an important part of the coral holobiont. The best-known coral endosymbionts are Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates. Each member of the coral microbiome contributes to its total lipidome, which integrates many molecular species. The present study summarizes available information on the molecular species of the plasma membrane lipids of the coral host and its dinoflagellates (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramideaminoethylphosphonate, and diacylglyceryl-3--carboxyhydroxymethylcholine), and the thylakoid membrane lipids of dinoflagellates (phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and glycolipids). Alkyl chains of PC and PE molecular species differ between tropical and cold-water coral species, and features of their acyl chains depend on the coral's taxonomic position. PS and PI structural features are associated with the presence of an exoskeleton in the corals. The dinoflagellate thermosensitivity affects the profiles of PG and glycolipid molecular species, which can be modified by the coral host. Coral microbiome members, such as bacteria and fungi, can also be the source of the alkyl and acyl chains of coral membrane lipids. The lipidomics approach, providing broader and more detailed information about coral lipid composition, opens up new opportunities in the study of biochemistry and ecology of corals.
珊瑚礁是世界海洋中生物多样性最丰富的生态系统。珊瑚与各种微生物建立了复杂的相互作用，这些微生物构成了珊瑚整体共生体的重要组成部分。最著名的珊瑚内共生体是共生鞭毛藻。珊瑚微生物组的每个成员都有助于其总脂类的形成，总脂类整合了许多分子物种。本研究总结了有关珊瑚宿主及其共生鞭毛藻（磷脂酰胆碱 (PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺 (PE)、磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS)、磷脂酰肌醇 (PI)、神经酰胺氨基乙基磷酸酯和二酰基甘油-3--羧基羟甲基胆碱）以及共生鞭毛藻类囊体膜脂质（磷脂酰甘油 (PG) 和糖脂）的等离子体膜脂质的分子物种的现有信息。PC 和 PE 分子物种的烷基链在热带和冷水珊瑚物种之间存在差异，其酰基链的特征取决于珊瑚的分类位置。PS 和 PI 的结构特征与珊瑚外骨骼的存在有关。共生鞭毛藻的热敏感性会影响 PG 和糖脂分子物种的分布，而这些分布可以被珊瑚宿主所修饰。珊瑚微生物组的成员，如细菌和真菌，也可能是珊瑚膜脂烷基和酰基链的来源。脂质组学方法提供了关于珊瑚脂质组成的更广泛和更详细的信息，为珊瑚生物化学和生态学的研究开辟了新的机会。
