Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
Retired, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
Fungal Biol. 2021 Nov;125(11):869-878. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.05.008. Epub 2021 Jun 4.
The analysis of the overall fatty acid pattern as well as their distribution in various lipid classes of phytopathogenic fungi Puccinia malvacearum and P. glechomatis are considered as chemotaxonomic biomarkers. Puccinia malvacearum on Alcea rosea and P. glechomatis on Glechoma hederacea collected from plants grown in various localities were analysed to determine their fatty acid composition. Both species synthesised significant amounts of saturated palmitic and stearic acids as well as 9,10-epoxy-octadecanoic acid, which rarely occurs in the nature. Both species synthesised hydroxy FAs including 9,10-dihydroxy octadecanoic acid and long-chain 2-hydroxy fatty acids.2-hydroxy 18:0 and 3-hydroxy 20:0 fatty acids were present only in P. malvacearum spores, and these may be the chemotaxonomic markers of the species. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed for a comparative lipidomic analysis of P. malvacearum and P. glechomatis. The results revealed the complexity of molecular lipid species of these fungi. P. malvacearum and P. glechomatis lipids were characterised by the presence of a high number of triglyceride (TG) species. 9,10-epoxy octadecanoic fatty acid was found in TGs. Among the many types of oxidised TGs identified in P. glechomatis lipids, the most abundant species corresponds to TG(22:5+6O_17:0_18:2). P. malvacearum and P. glechomatis produced various ceramide species with different FAs from 14 to 24 chain-length. Unusual lipids like (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy FA 18:0/18:0 in P. glechomatis and (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy FA 18:0/20:0 and 18:0/22:0 in P. malvacearum were detected. The analysis of the polar lipid composition showed the presence of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine as the main phospholipid classes of Puccinia spp. with the highest diversity of molecular species. Other phospholipids phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were present in smaller amounts. The diversity of the neutral and polar lipid composition and fatty acid profile of P. malvacearum and P. glechomatis can be used in chemotaxonomic studies.
分析植物病原菌麦角菌（Puccinia malvacearum）和格陵兰毛茛菌（P. glechomatis）的总脂肪酸模式及其在各种脂类中的分布被认为是化学生物标志物。分析了从不同地区生长的阿尔西亚玫瑰上的麦角菌和格陵兰毛茛上的格陵兰毛茛菌，以确定它们的脂肪酸组成。这两个物种都合成了大量的饱和棕榈酸和硬脂酸，以及很少在自然界中出现的 9,10-环氧十八烷酸。这两个物种都合成了羟基脂肪酸，包括 9,10-二羟基十八烷酸和长链 2-羟基脂肪酸。只有麦角菌孢子中存在 2-羟基 18:0 和 3-羟基 20:0 脂肪酸，这些可能是该物种的化学生物标志物。对麦角菌和格陵兰毛茛菌进行了超高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析，以进行脂质组学比较分析。结果揭示了这些真菌分子脂质种类的复杂性。麦角菌和格陵兰毛茛菌的脂质特征是存在大量三酰基甘油（TG）种类。9,10-环氧十八烷酸存在于 TG 中。在格陵兰毛茛菌脂质中鉴定出的多种氧化 TG 中，最丰富的物质对应于 TG（22:5+6O_17:0_18:2）。麦角菌和格陵兰毛茛菌产生了各种不同 FAs 的神经酰胺，链长从 14 到 24。在格陵兰毛茛菌中检测到不寻常的脂质，如（O-酰基）-ω-羟基 FA 18:0/18:0 和在麦角菌中检测到（O-酰基）-ω-羟基 FA 18:0/20:0 和 18:0/22:0。极性脂质组成分析表明，麦角菌属中以磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺为主要磷脂类，具有最高的分子种类多样性。其他磷脂，如磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰丝氨酸和磷脂酰肌醇，含量较少。麦角菌和格陵兰毛茛菌中性和极性脂质组成和脂肪酸谱的多样性可用于化学生物标志物研究。
