Tiberio Paola, Viganò Alessandro, Ilieva Mariya Boyanova, Pindilli Sebastiano, Bianchi Anna, Zambelli Alberto, Santoro Armando, De Sanctis Rita
Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy.
Neurology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2023 Jun 1;11(6):1613. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11061613.
Accumulating epidemiological studies have investigated a possible interconnection between migraine (Mi) and breast cancer (BC) because of the strong link between these diseases and female reproductive hormones. This review aims to consolidate findings from epidemiological studies and explore biologically plausible hypothetical mechanisms related to hormonal pathways. Current evidence suggests a protective role of Mi in BC development, particularly in case-control studies but not in cohort ones. The inconsistency among studies may be due to several reasons, including diagnostic criteria for Mi and the age gap between the development of these two diseases. Furthermore, recent research has challenged the concept of a net beneficial effect of Mi on BC, suggesting a more complex relationship between the two conditions. Many polymorphisms/mutations in hormone-related pathways are involved in at least one of the two conditions. The most promising evidence has emerged for a specific alteration in the estrogen receptor 1 gene (rs2228480). However, the possible specific mutation or polymorphism involved in this association has not yet been identified. Further studies with robust methodologies are needed to validate the protective role of Mi in BC and fully elucidate the precise nature of this causal relationship.
由于偏头痛（Mi）和乳腺癌（BC）与女性生殖激素之间存在紧密联系，越来越多的流行病学研究对二者之间可能存在的关联进行了调查。本综述旨在整合流行病学研究的结果，并探索与激素途径相关的具有生物学合理性的假设机制。目前的证据表明，偏头痛在乳腺癌发生过程中具有保护作用，尤其是在病例对照研究中，但在队列研究中并非如此。研究结果的不一致可能有多种原因，包括偏头痛的诊断标准以及这两种疾病发生时的年龄差距。此外，最近的研究对偏头痛对乳腺癌具有净有益作用这一概念提出了挑战，表明这两种情况之间的关系更为复杂。激素相关途径中的许多多态性/突变至少与这两种情况中的一种有关。最有前景的证据是雌激素受体1基因（rs2228480）的特定改变。然而，尚未确定参与这种关联的可能的特定突变或多态性。需要采用可靠方法进行进一步研究，以验证偏头痛在乳腺癌中的保护作用，并充分阐明这种因果关系的确切性质。
