Infestation by the Piercing-Sucking Herbivore Systemically Triggers JA- and SA-Dependent Defense Responses in Rice.

It has been well documented that an infestation of the piercing-sucking herbivore, brown planthopper (BPH), , activates strong local defenses in rice. However, whether a BPH infestation elicits systemic responses in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated BPH-induced systemic defenses by detecting the change in expression levels of 12 JA- and/or SA-signaling-responsive marker genes in different rice tissues upon a BPH attack. We found that an infestation of gravid BPH females on rice leaf sheaths significantly increased the local transcript level of all 12 marker genes tested except , whose expression was induced only weakly at a later stage of the BPH infestation. Moreover, an infestation of gravid BPH females also systemically up-regulated the transcription levels of three JA-signaling-responsive genes (, , and ), one SA-signaling-responsive gene (), and two JA- and SA- signaling-responsive genes ( and ). Our results demonstrate that an infestation of gravid BPH females systemically activates JA- and SA-dependent defenses in rice, which may in turn influence the composition and structure of the community in the rice ecosystem.