Carotenuto Rosa, Pallotta Maria Michela, Tussellino Margherita, Fogliano Chiara
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;12(6):890. doi: 10.3390/biology12060890.
In vitro systems have been mainly promoted by authorities to sustain research by following the 3Rs principle, but continuously increasing amounts of evidence point out that in vivo experimentation is also of extreme relevance. , an anuran amphibian, is a significant model organism in the study of evolutionary developmental biology, toxicology, ethology, neurobiology, endocrinology, immunology and tumor biology; thanks to the recent development of genome editing, it has also acquired a relevant position in the field of genetics. For these reasons, appears to be a powerful and alternative model to the zebrafish for environmental and biomedical studies. Its life cycle, as well as the possibility to obtain gametes from adults during the whole year and embryos by in vitro fertilization, allows experimental studies of several biological endpoints, such as gametogenesis, embryogenesis, larval growth, metamorphosis and, of course, the young and adult stages. Moreover, with respect to alternative invertebrate and even vertebrate animal models, the genome displays a higher degree of similarity with that of mammals. Here, we have reviewed the main available literature on the use of in the biosciences and, inspired by Feymann's revised view, "Plenty of room for biology at the bottom", suggest that is a very useful model for all possible studies.
体外系统主要是由相关部门推动的，以遵循3R原则来维持研究工作，但越来越多的证据表明体内实验也具有极其重要的意义。[物种名称]，一种无尾两栖动物，是进化发育生物学、毒理学、行为学、神经生物学、内分泌学、免疫学和肿瘤生物学研究中的重要模式生物；由于基因组编辑技术的最新发展，它在遗传学领域也占据了重要地位。基于这些原因，[物种名称]似乎是用于环境和生物医学研究的一种强大的替代斑马鱼的模式生物。它的生命周期，以及全年从成年个体获取配子并通过体外受精获得胚胎的可能性，使得对几个生物学终点进行实验研究成为可能，例如配子发生、胚胎发生、幼体生长、变态发育，当然还有幼体和成体阶段。此外，相对于其他替代的无脊椎动物甚至脊椎动物动物模型，[物种名称]的基因组与哺乳动物的基因组显示出更高程度的相似性。在此，我们回顾了关于[物种名称]在生物科学中应用的主要现有文献，并受费曼修正观点“底部有大量生物学空间”的启发，认为[物种名称]对于所有可能的研究都是非常有用的模型。
