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香农熵和赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数作为自行车多阶段赛事中团队表现和竞争平衡的指标

Shannon Entropy and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as Team's Performance and Competitive Balance Indicators in Cyclist Multi-Stage Races.

作者信息

Ausloos Marcel

机构信息

School of Business, University of Leicester, Brookfield, Leicester LE2 1RQ, UK.

Group of Researchers Applying Physics in Economy and Sociology (GRAPES), Beauvallon, Rue de la Belle Jardinière, 483/0021 Sart Tilman, Angleur, B-4031 Liège, Belgium.

出版信息

Entropy (Basel). 2023 Jun 19;25(6):955. doi: 10.3390/e25060955.

DOI:10.3390/e25060955
PMID:37372299
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10297037/
Abstract

It seems that one cannot find many papers relating entropy to sport competitions. Thus, in this paper, I use (i) the Shannon intrinsic entropy () as an indicator of "teams sporting value" (or "competition performance") and (ii) the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHi) as a "teams competitive balance" indicator, in the case of (professional) cyclist multi-stage races. The 2022 Tour de France and 2023 Tour of Oman are used for numerical illustrations and discussion. The numerical values are obtained from classical and and new ranking indices which measure the teams "final time", on one hand, and "final place", on the other hand, based on the "best three" riders in each stage, but also the corresponding times and places throughout the race, for these finishing riders. The analysis data demonstrate that the constraint, "only the finishing riders count", makes much sense for obtaining a more objective measure of "team value" and team performance", at the end of a multi-stage race. A graphical analysis allows us to distinguish various team levels, each exhibiting a Feller-Pareto distribution, thereby indicating self-organized processes. In so doing, one hopefully better relates objective scientific measures to sport team competitions. Moreover, this analysis proposes some paths to elaborate on forecasting through standard probability concepts.

摘要

似乎很难找到许多将熵与体育比赛联系起来的论文。因此，在本文中，对于（职业）自行车多阶段比赛，我使用（i）香农内在熵（）作为“团队体育价值”（或“比赛表现”）的指标，以及（ii）赫芬达尔 - 赫希曼指数（HHi）作为“团队竞争平衡”指标。以2022年环法自行车赛和2023年阿曼环赛为例进行数值说明和讨论。数值是从经典的以及新的排名指数中获得的，这些指数一方面衡量团队的“最终时间”，另一方面衡量团队的“最终名次”，其依据是每个赛段中“最佳三名”车手的情况，同时也考虑了这些完赛车手在整个比赛中的相应时间和名次。分析数据表明，“只有完赛车手算数”这一限制对于在多阶段比赛结束时获得更客观的“团队价值”和团队表现衡量标准很有意义。图形分析使我们能够区分不同的团队水平，每个水平都呈现出费勒 - 帕累托分布，从而表明自组织过程。这样做有望更好地将客观科学度量与运动队比赛联系起来。此外，该分析提出了一些通过标准概率概念进行预测的途径。

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本文引用的文献

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Investigating the Configurations in Cross-Shareholding: A Joint Copula-Entropy Approach.交叉持股中的配置研究：一种联合Copula-熵方法。
Entropy (Basel). 2018 Feb 20;20(2):134. doi: 10.3390/e20020134.
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Field dimension and skill level constrain team tactical behaviours in small-sided and conditioned games in football.在足球的小型比赛和条件比赛中，场地尺寸和技能水平会限制球队的战术行为。
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双指数拉瓦莱特函数：针对宗教运动追随者情况的一种推广。
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