Research Unit, University Hospital Ntra Sra de Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 6;24(12):9829. doi: 10.3390/ijms24129829.
The morphology of the nucleus is roughly spherical in most eukaryotic cells. However, this organelle shape needs to change as the cell travels through narrow intercellular spaces during cell migration and during cell division in organisms that undergo closed mitosis, i.e., without dismantling the nuclear envelope, such as yeast. In addition, the nuclear morphology is often modified under stress and in pathological conditions, being a hallmark of cancer and senescent cells. Thus, understanding nuclear morphological dynamics is of uttermost importance, as pathways and proteins involved in nuclear shaping can be targeted in anticancer, antiaging, and antifungal therapies. Here, we review how and why the nuclear shape changes during mitotic blocks in yeast, introducing novel data that associate these changes with both the nucleolus and the vacuole. Altogether, these findings suggest a close relationship between the nucleolar domain of the nucleus and the autophagic organelle, which we also discuss here. Encouragingly, recent evidence in tumor cell lines has linked aberrant nuclear morphology to defects in lysosomal function.
细胞核的形态在大多数真核细胞中大致呈球形。然而，当细胞在细胞迁移过程中穿过细胞间隙较窄的部位，以及在经历有丝分裂时（即核膜不被拆卸）的生物体中进行细胞分裂时，这个细胞器的形状需要改变，例如酵母。此外，在应激和病理条件下，核形态通常会发生改变，这是癌症和衰老细胞的标志。因此，了解核形态动力学至关重要，因为参与核成形的途径和蛋白质可以作为抗癌、抗衰老和抗真菌治疗的靶点。在这里，我们回顾了酵母在有丝分裂阻断期间核形状如何以及为何发生变化，引入了将这些变化与核仁与液泡联系起来的新数据。总的来说，这些发现表明细胞核的核仁域与自噬细胞器之间存在密切关系，我们也在这里进行了讨论。令人鼓舞的是，肿瘤细胞系的最新证据表明，异常的核形态与溶酶体功能缺陷有关。
