da Silva Lucas Yure Santos, Paulo Cicera Laura Roque, Moura Talysson Felismino, Alves Daniel Sampaio, Pessoa Renata Torres, Araújo Isaac Moura, de Morais Oliveira-Tintino Cícera Datiane, Tintino Saulo Relison, Nonato Carla de Fatima Alves, da Costa José Galberto Martins, Ribeiro-Filho Jaime, Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo, Kowalska Grażyna, Mitura Przemysław, Bar Marek, Kowalski Radosław, Menezes Irwin Rose Alencar de
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri-URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 19;12(12):2377. doi: 10.3390/plants12122377.
Antimicrobial resistance has become a growing public health concern in recent decades, demanding a search for new effective treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of Jacq. (EOPT) against strains carrying different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Phytochemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity of EOPT and its ability to inhibit antibiotic resistance was evaluated through the broth microdilution method. The GC-MS analysis identified 99.59% of the constituents, with β-pinene (31.51%), α-pinene (28.38%), and β-cis-ocimene (20.22%) being identified as major constituents. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOPT was determined to assess its antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains of (IS-58, 1199B, K2068, and K4100). The compound showed a MIC of ≥ 1024 μg/mL, suggesting a lack of intrinsic antibacterial activity. However, when the EOPT was associated with antibiotics and EtBr, a significant decrease in antibiotic resistance was observed, indicating the modulation of efflux pump activity. This evidence was corroborated with the observation of increased fluorescent light emission by the bacterial strains, indicating the involvement of the NorA and MepA efflux pumps. Additionally, the significant potentiation of ampicillin activity against the strain K4414 suggests the β-lactamase inhibitory activity of EOPT. These results suggest that the essential oil from fruits has antibiotic-enhancing properties, with a mechanism involving the inhibition of efflux pumps and β-lactamase in MDR strains. These findings provide new perspectives on the potential use of EOPT against antibiotic resistance and highlight the importance of species as sources of bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic activities against MDR bacteria. Nevertheless, further preclinical (in vivo) studies remain necessary to confirm these in vitro-observed results.
近几十年来，抗菌药物耐药性已成为日益严重的公共卫生问题，需要寻找新的有效治疗方法。因此，本研究旨在阐明从 Jacq. 果实中提取的精油（EOPT）的植物化学成分，并评估其对携带不同抗生素耐药机制菌株的抗菌活性。使用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC/MS）进行植物化学分析。通过肉汤微量稀释法评估EOPT的抗菌活性及其抑制抗生素耐药性的能力。GC - MS分析鉴定出99.59%的成分，其中β-蒎烯（31.51%）、α-蒎烯（28.38%）和β-顺式罗勒烯（20.22%）被鉴定为主要成分。测定EOPT的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）以评估其对多重耐药菌株（IS - 58、1199B、K2068和K4100）的抗菌活性。该化合物的MIC≥1024μg/mL，表明缺乏内在抗菌活性。然而，当EOPT与抗生素和溴化乙锭联合使用时，观察到抗生素耐药性显著降低，表明外排泵活性受到调节。这一证据与细菌菌株荧光发射增加的观察结果相佐证，表明NorA和MepA外排泵参与其中。此外，EOPT对K4414菌株的氨苄西林活性有显著增强作用，表明EOPT具有β-内酰胺酶抑制活性。这些结果表明，来自 Jacq. 果实的精油具有抗生素增强特性，其机制涉及抑制多重耐药性 菌株中的外排泵和β-内酰胺酶。这些发现为EOPT对抗生素耐药性的潜在用途提供了新的视角，并突出了 Jacq. 物种作为具有对抗多重耐药细菌的有前景治疗活性的生物活性化合物来源的重要性。然而，仍需要进一步的临床前（体内）研究来证实这些体外观察结果。
