在干旱气候条件下正常灌溉和有限灌溉情况下，通过叶面喷施和土壤施用水杨酸及大量和微量营养素对小麦农艺性能、生理特性及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Salicylic Acid and Macro- and Micronutrients through Foliar and Soil Applications on the Agronomic Performance, Physiological Attributes, and Water Productivity of Wheat under Normal and Limited Irrigation in Dry Climatic Conditions.

作者信息

Alotaibi Majed, El-Hendawy Salah, Mohammed Nabil, Alsamin Bazel, Al-Suhaibani Nasser, Refay Yahya

机构信息

Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;12(12):2389. doi: 10.3390/plants12122389.

DOI:10.3390/plants12122389

PMID:37376014

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10302658/

Abstract

Ensuring food security with severe shortages of freshwater and drastic changes in climatic conditions in arid countries requires the urgent development of feasible and user-friendly strategies. Relatively little is known regarding the impacts of the co-application (Co-A) of salicylic acid (SA), macronutrients (Mac), and micronutrients (Mic) through foliar (F) and soil (S) application strategies on field crops under arid and semiarid climatic conditions. A two-year field experiment was designed to compare the impacts of seven (Co-A) treatments of this strategy, including a control, F, F, S + F, S + F, S + F, and S + F on the agronomic performance, physiological attributes, and water productivity (WP) of wheat under normal (NI) and limited (LMI) irrigation conditions. The results reveal that the LMI treatment caused a significant reduction in various traits related to the growth (plant height, tiller and green leaf numbers, leaf area index, and shoot dry weight), physiology (relative water content and chlorophyll pigments), and yield components (spike length, grain weight and grain numbers per spike, thousand-grain weight, and harvest index) of wheat by 11.4-47.8%, 21.8-39.8%, and 16.4-42.3%, respectively, while WP increased by 13.3% compared to the NI treatment. The different Co-A treatments have shown a 0.2-23.7%, 3.6-26.7%, 2.3-21.6%, and 12.2-25.0% increase in various traits related to growth, physiology, yield, and WP, respectively, in comparison to the control treatment. The S+ F was determined as the best treatment that achieved the best results for all studied traits under both irrigation conditions, followed by F and S + F under LMI in addition to F under NI conditions. It can be concluded that the Co-A of essential plant nutrients along with SA accomplished a feasible, profitable, and easy-to-use strategy to attenuate the negative impacts of deficit irrigation stress, along with the further improvement in the growth and production of wheat under NI conditions.

摘要

在干旱国家淡水严重短缺且气候条件急剧变化的情况下确保粮食安全，需要紧急制定可行且用户友好的策略。关于在干旱和半干旱气候条件下，通过叶面（F）和土壤（S）施用策略共同施用水杨酸（SA）、大量元素（Mac）和微量元素（Mic）对大田作物的影响，人们了解得相对较少。设计了一项为期两年的田间试验，以比较该策略的七种共同施用（Co-A）处理，包括对照、F、F、S + F、S + F、S + F和S + F，对正常（NI）灌溉条件和有限（LMI）灌溉条件下小麦的农艺性能、生理特性和水分生产率（WP）的影响。结果表明，LMI处理使小麦与生长（株高、分蘖数和绿叶数、叶面积指数和地上部干重）、生理（相对含水量和叶绿素色素）以及产量构成因素（穗长、粒重和每穗粒数、千粒重和收获指数）相关的各种性状分别显著降低了11.4 - 47.8%、21.8 - 39.8%和16.4 - 42.3%，而与NI处理相比，WP增加了13.3%。与对照处理相比，不同的Co-A处理在与生长、生理、产量和WP相关的各种性状上分别提高了0.2 - 23.7%、3.6 - 26.7%、2.3 - 21.6%和12.2 - 25.0%。在两种灌溉条件下，S + F被确定为对所有研究性状都取得最佳结果的最佳处理，其次是LMI条件下的F和S + F以及NI条件下的F。可以得出结论，必需植物养分与SA的共同施用实现了一种可行、有利可图且易于使用的策略，以减轻亏缺灌溉胁迫的负面影响，并在NI条件下进一步改善小麦的生长和产量。