Wolff Susanne, Rüppel Annette, Rida Hassan Ali, Heim Hans-Peter
Institute of Material Engineering, Polymer Engineering, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel, Germany.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jun 7;15(12):2603. doi: 10.3390/polym15122603.
Climate change, access, and monopolies to raw material sources as well as politically motivated trade barriers are among the factors responsible for a shortage of raw materials. In the plastics industry, resource conservation can be achieved by substituting commercially available petrochemical-based plastics with components made from renewable raw materials. Innovation potentials are often not used due to a lack of information on the use of bio-based materials, efficient processing methods, and product technologies or because the costs for new developments are too high. In this context, the use of renewable resources such as fiber-reinforced polymeric composites based on plants has become an important criterion for the development and production of components and products in all industrial sectors. Bio-based engineering thermoplastics with cellulose fibers can be used as substitutes because of their higher strength and heat resistance, but the processing of this composite is still challenging. In this study, composites were prepared and investigated using bio-based polyamide (PA) as a polymer matrix in combination with a cellulosic fiber and, for comparison purposes, a glass fiber. A co-rotating twin-screw extruder was used to produce the composites with different fiber contents. For the mechanical properties, tensile tests and charpy impact tests were performed. Compared to glass fiber, reinforced PA 6.10 and PA 10.10, a significantly higher elongation at break with regenerated cellulose fibers, can be achieved. PA 6.10 and PA 10.10 achieve significantly higher impact strengths with the regenerated cellulose fibers than the composites with glass fibers. In the future, bio-based products will also be used in indoor applications. For characterization, the VOC emission GC-MS analysis and odor evaluation methods were used. The VOC emissions (quantitative) were at a low level but the results of the odor tests of selected samples showed values mostly above the required limit values.
气候变化、原材料来源的获取与垄断以及出于政治动机设置的贸易壁垒都是导致原材料短缺的因素。在塑料行业，通过用可再生原材料制成的部件替代市售的石化基塑料，可以实现资源节约。由于缺乏关于生物基材料使用、高效加工方法和产品技术的信息，或者由于新开发的成本过高，创新潜力往往未得到利用。在这种背景下，使用基于植物的纤维增强聚合物复合材料等可再生资源已成为所有工业部门零部件和产品开发与生产的重要标准。含纤维素纤维的生物基工程热塑性塑料因其更高的强度和耐热性可作为替代品，但这种复合材料的加工仍具有挑战性。在本研究中，以生物基聚酰胺（PA）作为聚合物基体，与纤维素纤维以及为作比较而使用的玻璃纤维相结合，制备并研究了复合材料。使用同向旋转双螺杆挤出机生产具有不同纤维含量的复合材料。对于力学性能，进行了拉伸试验和夏比冲击试验。与玻璃纤维增强的PA 6.10和PA 10.10相比，再生纤维素纤维增强的材料可实现显著更高的断裂伸长率。PA 6.10和PA 10.10与再生纤维素纤维制成的复合材料相比，具有显著更高的冲击强度。未来，生物基产品也将用于室内应用。为进行表征，使用了挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放气相色谱 - 质谱分析和气味评估方法。VOC排放量（定量）处于低水平，但所选样品的气味测试结果大多显示值高于规定的限值。
