基于计划行为理论探究公众接种传染病疫苗意愿的影响因素——以新冠疫苗为例

Exploration into the Influencing Factors for the Intention of the Public to Vaccinate against Infectious Diseases Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior-Example of the COVID-19 Vaccine.

作者信息

Li Zeming, Li Zihan, Sun Xinying

机构信息

Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.

Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

出版信息

Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Jun 12;11(6):1092. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11061092.

DOI:10.3390/vaccines11061092

PMID:37376481

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10305263/

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was applied as an example, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a conceptual model. This study aimed to explore the impact of subjective norms (SNs), attitude towards the behavior (ATT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on the intention of the public for regular vaccination during COVID-19. The outcomes can provide certain recommendations for relevant policymakers in developing targeted health education intervention programs in the event of similar events.

METHODS

An online survey was performed between 17 April and 14 May 2021, via the online survey platform "WENJUANXING". The multistage stratified cluster sampling was employed, and 2098 participants (1114 males; 53.10%) with a mean age of 31.22 years (SD = 8.29) completed the survey. The survey covered the factors influencing the public's intention to receive future regular vaccinations during COVID-19 based on TPB. The effects of different variables on the public's vaccination intention were analyzed using hierarchical stepwise regression.

RESULTS

The public's intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., behavioral intention) in the future was taken as the dependent variable. Gender, age, marital status, education level, per capita monthly household income, vaccine-related knowledge, whether the COVID-19 vaccine was received, subjective norms (SNs), attitude towards the behavior (ATT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were used as independent variables. In this way, a hierarchical stepwise multiple regression model was developed. It can be seen from the final model that gender, age, vaccine-related knowledge, vaccination, attitude, SNs, and PBC were all influential factors in the public's intention to get vaccinated in the future, with R = 0.399 and adjusted R = 0.397 ( < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

TPB explains the intention of the public to receive future vaccinations to a large extent, and ATT and SNs are the most important influencing factors. It is suggested that vaccine intervention programs be developed to enhance public awareness and acceptance of vaccination. This can be achieved in three aspects, namely, improving the ATT of the public, SNs, and PBC. Furthermore, the influence of gender, age, vaccine knowledge, and previous vaccination behavior on vaccination intention should be taken into account.

摘要

目的

以2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）为例，运用计划行为理论（TPB）作为概念模型。本研究旨在探讨主观规范（SNs）、行为态度（ATT）和感知行为控制（PBC）对COVID-19期间公众定期接种疫苗意愿的影响。研究结果可为相关政策制定者在类似事件发生时制定有针对性的健康教育干预计划提供一定建议。

方法

于2021年4月17日至5月14日通过在线调查平台“问卷星”进行在线调查。采用多阶段分层整群抽样，2098名参与者（1114名男性；53.10%）完成了调查，平均年龄为31.22岁（标准差=8.29）。该调查涵盖了基于TPB影响公众未来在COVID-19期间接受定期接种疫苗意愿的因素。使用分层逐步回归分析不同变量对公众接种疫苗意愿的影响。

结果

将公众未来接种COVID-19疫苗的意愿（即行为意愿）作为因变量。将性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、家庭月人均收入、疫苗相关知识、是否接种过COVID-19疫苗、主观规范（SNs）、行为态度（ATT）和感知行为控制（PBC）作为自变量。以此建立了分层逐步多元回归模型。从最终模型可以看出，性别、年龄、疫苗相关知识、接种情况、态度、SNs和PBC都是影响公众未来接种疫苗意愿的因素，R=0.399，调整后R=0.397（<0.001）。